Table 3.
Adjusted odds ratios for a tenfold increase of maternal BPA and phthalate metabolite levels on having behavioral problems
| Number of children in borderline/clinical | BPA | MnBP | MiBP | MEHP | MECPP | ∑DBPm | ∑DEHPm | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | |||||||||
| All | Total difficulties (≧ 13) | 213 | 1.28 (0.94, 1.74) | 0.51 (0.22, 1.18) | 0.42 (0.17, 1.03) | 0.93 (0.65, 1.33) | 1.13 (0.58, 1.13) | 0.48 (0.20, 1.13) | 0.93 (0.63, 1.38) |
| Conduct problems (≧ 4) | 142 | 1.15 (0.84, 1.58) | 1.33 (0.55, 3.20) | 1.37 (0.53, 3.58) | 0.81 (0.56, 1.18) | 2.78 (1.36, 5.68)* | 1.34 (0.54, 3.33) | 0.82 (0.55, 1.24) | |
| Hyperactivity/inattention (≧ 6) | 126 | 1.06 (0.75, 1.51) | 1.10 (0.42, 2.84) | 0.93 (0.33, 2.65) | 1.22 (0.82, 1.84) | 1.52 (0.71, 3.29) | 1.04 (0.39, 2.80) | 1.25 (0.81, 1.95) | |
| Emotional symptoms (≧ 4) | 116 | 0.92 (0.66, 1.27) | 0.83 (0.35, 1.98) | 0.57 (0.22, 1.45) | 0.86 (0.59, 1.27) | 0.65 (0.33, 1.31) | 0.77 (0.31, 1.88) | 0.85 (0.56, 1.28) | |
| Peer problems (≧ 4) | 64 | 0.99 (0.65, 1.52) | 0.92 (0.30, 2.87) | 0.45 (0.14, 1.49) | 0.78 (0.47, 1.29) | 0.90 (0.36, 2.25) | 0.79 (0.25, 2.54) | 0.76 (0.44, 1.44) | |
| Prosocial behavior (≦ 5) | 112 | 1.46 (1.04, 2.06)+ | 0.97 (0.39, 2.40) | 0.96 (0.36, 2.56) | 0.89 (0.59, 1.33) | 1.10 (0.53, 2.31) | 0.95 (0.37, 2.42) | 0.88 (0.56, 1.36) | |
| Boy | Total difficulties (≧ 13) | 128 | 1.26 (0.82, 1.95) | 0.54 (0.18, 1.61) | 0.43 (0.13, 1.46) | 0.82 (0.49, 1.35) | 0.62 (0.24, 1.60) | 0.50 (0.16, 1.58) | 0.79 (0.46, 1.37) |
| Conduct problems (≧ 4) | 83 | 1.32 (0.86, 2.03) | 1.14 (0.36, 3.55) | 0.95 (0.27, 3.30) | 0.79 (0.48, 1.31) | 2.85 (1.07, 7.57)+ | 1.09 (0.33, 3.56) | 0.78 (0.45, 1.36) | |
| Hyperactivity/inattention (≧ 6) | 85 | 0.80 (0.50, 1.28) | 1.03 (0.32, 3.32) | 0.87 (0.24, 3.14) | 1.05 (0.63, 1.76) | 0.92 (0.35, 2.44) | 0.98 (0.29, 3.31) | 1.06 (0.61, 1.85) | |
| Emotional symptoms (≧ 4) | 77 | 0.89 (0.56, 1.42) | 0.78 (0.24, 2.53) | 0.52 (0.14, 1.86) | 0.97 (0.57, 1.63) | 0.65 (0.24, 1.75) | 0.71 (0.21, 2.43) | 0.95 (0.54, 1.68) | |
| Peer problems (≧ 4) | 40 | 0.96 (0.54, 1.72) | 0.74 (0.17, 3.32) | 0.50 (0.10, 2.53) | 0.67 (0.34, 1.31) | 0.68 (0.20, 2.37) | 0.67 (0.14, 3.18) | 0.64 (0.31, 1.33) | |
| Prosocial behavior (≦ 5) | 73 | 1.68 (1.06, 2.68)+ | 0.72 (0.24, 2.22) | 0.65 (0.19, 2.25) | 1.03 (0.62, 1.74) | 1.19 (0.45, 3.11) | 0.69 (0.21, 2.21) | 1.04 (0.59, 1.83) | |
| Girl | Total difficulties (≧ 13) | 85 | 1.30 (0.83, 2.03) | 0.26 (0.06, 1.06) | 0.25 (0.06, 1.09) | 1.10 (0.64, 1.88) | 2.37 (0.87, 6.42) | 0.24 (0.06, 1.03) | 1.16 (0.65, 2.08) |
| Conduct problems (≧ 4) | 59 | 1.03 (0.63, 1.67) | 0.90 (0.19, 4.16) | 1.46 (0.29, 7.40) | 0.91 (0.50, 1.63) | 4.04 (1.31, 12.5)+ | 0.98 (0.20, 4.78) | 0.96 (0.51, 1.82) | |
| Hyperactivity/inattention (≧ 6) | 41 | 1.66 (0.95, 2.90) | 1.05 (0.17, 6.38) | 0.95 (0.14, 6.50) | 1.68 (0.84, 3.37) | 5.71 (1.41, 23.1)+ | 0.99 (0.15, 6.41) | 1.79 (0.84, 3.81) | |
| Emotional symptoms (≧ 4) | 39 | 0.93 (0.57, 1.51) | 0.45 (0.10, 1.95) | 0.34 (0.07, 1.64) | 0.77 (0.43, 1.37) | 0.84 (0.30, 2.33) | 0.41 (0.09, 1.86) | 0.76 (0.41, 1.41) | |
| Peer problems (≧ 4) | 24 | 1.08 (0.56, 2.09) | 0.64 (0.09, 4.66) | 0.18 (0.02, 1.33) | 1.06 (0.47, 2.39) | 1.24 (0.30, 5.20) | 0.47 (0.06, 3.54) | 1.09 (0.46, 2.62) | |
| Prosocial behavior (≦ 5) | 39 | 1.31 (0.77, 2.24) | 1.60 (0.31, 8.29) | 1.76 (0.32, 9.76) | 0.66 (0.33, 1.31) | 0.78 (0.23, 2.69) | 1.62 (0.30, 8.75) | 0.63 (0.30, 1.33) | |
Adjusted for parental ages, maternal cotinine levels, family income during pregnancy, child sex, birth order (first child or not), and child age at SDQ complete. * p < 0.01, +p < 0.05