Table 1.
Sociodemographic and homeless trajectory characteristics based on gender in 703 homeless individuals
| Variables | Total sample, N=703 N (%) or M (SD) |
Men N=580 N (%) or M (SD) |
Women N=123 N (%) or M (SD) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 38.8 (10.0) | 38.6 (9.8) | 39.3 (10.9) | 0.503 |
| Educational level (high school diploma or higher) | 181 (27%) | 133 (24.1%) | 48 (40.0%) | 0.001 |
| French nationality | 575 (85.8%) | 476 (86.4%) | 99 (83.2%) | 0.447 |
| Marital status (single) | 521 (77.8%) | 440 (80.0%) | 81 (67.5%) | 0.004 |
| Current parenthood | 250 (37.4%) | 194 (35.3%) | 56 (46.7%) | 0.026 |
| Average monthly income (euros) | 628.7 (402) | 632.8 (419) | 609.6 (313) | 0.494 |
| Social support | ||||
| Current contact with family (at least once a week) | 180 (27.4%) | 148 (27.4%) | 32 (27.6%) | 0.999 |
| Current contact with friend (at least once a week) | 248 (37.5%) | 200 (36.6%) | 48 (41.7%) | 0.356 |
| Current contact with association (at least once a week) | 483 (74.2%) | 396 (73.9%) | 87 (75.7%) | 0.782 |
| Homelessness history | ||||
| Total length of homelessness during lifetime (years) | 8.5 (7.9) | 9 (8.0) | 6.6 (6.9) | 0.002 |
| Age of first homelessness (years) | 25.6 (11.2) | 25.1 (10.6) | 27.9 (13.8) | 0.044 |
| Accumulated number of nights spent during the 180 past nights (ETHOS *) | ||||
| In streets or public spaces (nights spent during 180 past nights) | 53.9 (68.5) | 57.3 (69.4) | 38.1 (61.7) | 0.003 |
| In emergency shelters (nights spent during 180 past nights) | 22.8 (46.5) | 23.3 (46.9) | 20.5 (44.9) | 0.549 |
| Living temporarily with family or friends (nights spent during 180 past nights) | 28.9 (51.3) | 26.6 (49.7) | 39.5 (57.1) | 0.025 |
Notes:
*
The location and the number of nights spent over the past 6 months were recoded according the European Typology of Homelessness and Housing Exclusion (ETHOS), which describes all living situations, from sleeping in public spaces to living in extreme over-crowding. Values in bold indicate statistically significant (p<0.01). N (%) – effective (percentage); M (SD) – mean (standard deviation).