Table 1.

Level of evidence for risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation

Level of evidence	Criteria
Strong evidence	Consistent findings in ≥2 high quality studies (adapted NOS score 8–9) AND no conflicting studies
Moderate evidence	Consistent findings in 1 high quality study AND ≥1 acceptable quality study (adapted NOS score 6–7) AND no conflicting studies
Weak evidence	Consistent findings in ≥3 low quality studies (adapted NOS score ≤5 OR ≥2 acceptable quality studies OR 1 high quality study in isolation

NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.