Table 1.

Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Any Self-Injury among Transgender/Gender Non-Conforming (TGNC) Youth and Repetitive Self-Injury among TGNC Youth Who Self-Injure

	Any NSSI (N = 2,168)	Repetitive NSSI (N = 1,076)
	Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
Demographics
Female (1) vs. male (0)	1.91 (1.50, 2.42)**	1.26 (0.89, 1.80)
Grade 9 (1) vs. grade 11 (0)	1.27 (l.02, 1.57)*	1.04 (0.79, 1.38)
White (1) vs. non-White (0)	1.15 (0.91, 1.46)	1.21 (0.90, 1.64)
Free/reduced lunch (1) vs. not (0)	0.89 (0.71, 1.13)	0.80 (0.59, 1.07)
Metropolitan school location (1) vs. elsewhere (0)	0.99 (0.80, 1.23)	0.81 (0.62, 1.07)
Risk Factors
Depression (1 yes vs. 0 no)	3.11 (2.51, 3.87)**	2.87 (2.03, 4.07)**
Gender-based bullying victim (1 yes vs. 0 no)	1.92 (1.54, 2.39)**	1.13 (0.84, 1.52)
Physical bullying victim (1 yes vs. 0 no)	1.76 (1.19, 2.59)*	1.35 (0.86, 2.11)
Protective Factors
Parent connectedness	0.72 (0.63, 0.82)**	0.67 (0.56, 0.79)**
Teacher/school adult relationships	0.96 (0.74, 1.29)	0.94 (0.69, 1.28)
Other non-parental adult connectedness	0.79 (0.69, 0.90)**	1.00 (0.84, 1.18)
School safety	0.95 (0.79, 1.15)	0.78 (0.62, 0.99)*
Friend caring	0.96 (0.87, 1.07)	0.96 (0.85, 1.08)

Notes: NSSI = non-suicidal self-injury. TGNC = transgender/gender nonconforming.

Any NSSI was examined among the total sample of TGNC students.

Repetitive NSSI (10 or more episodes) was examined among TGNC students who reported self-injury (1 or more episodes).

Bolded results were statistically significant at p < 0.05.

*p < 0.05

**p <0.001.