Table 3.
Risk factors for survival: outcome of thyroid cancer specific mortality and all-cause mortality
| Covariate | Level | Thyroid Cancer specific mortality | All cause mortality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Univariate Cox regression | Multivariate Cox regression | Univariate Cox regression | Multivariate Cox regression | ||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Age | 1.092 (1.088-1.096) | <0.001 | 1.069 (1.064-1.075) | <0.001 | 1.082 (1.080-1.084) | <0.001 | 1.078 (1.075-1.080) | <0.001 | |
| Sex | Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Male | 2.801 (2.543-3.085) | <0.001 | 1.510 (1.305-1.749) | <0.001 | 2.404 (2.297-2.516) | <0.001 | 1.683 (1.581-1.792) | <0.001 | |
| Race | White | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Black | 1.134 (0.942-1.365) | 0.185 | 1.220 (0.901-1.651) | 0.198 | 1.311 (1.211-1.419) | <0.001 | 1.472 (1.320-1.641) | <0.001 | |
| Other | 1.519 (1.322-1.744) | <0.001 | 0.925 (0.747-1.147) | 0.478 | 0.954 (0.882-1.030) | 0.230 | 0.790 (0.706-0.885) | <0.001 | |
| Histological types | FTC | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| PTC | 0.341 (0.292-0.399) | <0.001 | 0.573 (0.451-0.727) | <0.001 | 0.559 (0.511-0.611) | <0.001 | 0.800 (0.708-0.904) | <0.001 | |
| FVPTC | 0.544 (0.461-0.643) | <0.001 | 0.482 (0.361-0.644) | <0.001 | 1.062 (0.968-1.165) | 0.201 | 0.801 (0.702-0.914) | <0.001 | |
| T-stage | T1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| T2 | 2.529 (1.945-3.289) | <0.001 | 2.006 (1.469-2.738) | <0.001 | 1.041 (0.961-1.129) | 0.323 | 1.087 (0.991-1.191) | 0.077 | |
| T3 | 7.346 (5.971-9.038) | <0.001 | 3.694 (2.681-5.089) | <0.001 | 1.492 (1.390-1.601) | <0.001 | 1.141 (1.010-1.289) | 0.035 | |
| T4 | 81.543 (67.445-98.588) | <0.001 | 14.264 (9.883-20.586) | <0.001 | 6.979 (6.487-7.508) | <0.001 | 2.666 (2.259-3.146) | <0.001 | |
| N-stage | N0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| N1 | 4.880 (4.332-5.498) | <0.001 | 1.946 (1.641-2.307) | <0.001 | 1.661 (1.562-1.767) | <0.001 | 1.483 (1.362-1.614) | <0.001 | |
| M-stage | M0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| M1 | 51.522 (45.896-57.838) | <0.001 | 7.299 (6.133-8.686) | <0.001 | 12.860 (11.886-13.914) | <0.001 | 4.052 (3.588-4.576) | <0.001 | |
| Multifocality | No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 0.865 (0.765-0.978) | 0.021 | 0.746 (0.643-0.865) | <0.001 | 0.882 (0.835-0.932) | <0.001 | 0.967 (0.907-1.031) | 0.305 | |
| Extension | No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 13.025 (11.495-14.758) | <0.001 | 1.456 (1.087-1.952) | 0.012 | 2.501 (2.362-2.647) | <0.001 | 1.094 (0.952-1.257) | 0.206 | |
| Radiation | None or refused | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Radiation Beam or Rdioactive implants | 13.670 (11.982-15.596) | <0.001 | 3.046 (2.435-3.809) | <0.001 | 3.164 (2.896-3.456) | <0.001 | 1.455 (1.260-1.680) | <0.001 | |
| Radioisotopes or Radiation beam + isotopes/implants | 0.989 (0.885-1.106) | 0.849 | 0.837 (0.702-0.997) | 0.046 | 0.599 (0.570-0.628) | <0.001 | 0.699 (0.652-0.748) | <0.001 | |
| Surgery | Lobectomy | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Subtotal or near-total thyroidectomy | 1.795 (1.326-2.429) | <0.001 | 1.057 (0.712-1.570) | 0.782 | 1.023 (0.906-1.155) | 0.713 | 0.999 (0.859-1.162) | 0.989 | |
| Total thyroidectomy | 1.486 (1.230-1.795) | <0.001 | 1.032 (0.803-1.326) | 0.804 | 0.808 (0.756-0.863) | <0.001 | 0.983 (0.903-1.070) | 0.691 | |
FTC: follicular thyroid cancer; PTC: papillary thyroid cancer; FVPTC: follicular variant papillary thyroid cancer.