Table 1.

Hypotheses and associated evidence for each of the soil-based predictors of aphid growth and parasitism examined in our global models.

Factor	Hypothesis	Reference
Soil NO3, Soil NH4, P, K, SO4	N, P, K, and S availability increases aphid growth and parasitism	Coley et al., 1985; Price, 1991
pH	Acidic soils decrease aphid growth and decrease parasitism	Birkhofer et al., 2008
Organic matter	Organic matter decreases aphid growth and increases parasitism	Altieri and Nicholls, 2003
Microbe biomass	Microbial activity decreases aphid growth and increases parasitism	Birkhofer et al., 2008
Bacillus spp.	Bacillus spp. decrease aphid growth and increase parasitism.	Gadhave and Gange, 2016; Gadhave et al., 2016a
Pseudomonas spp.	Pseudomonas spp. increase aphid growth and decrease parasitism	Pineda et al., 2012, 2013