Table 3.
Costs and time due to TB diagnosis, stratified by Axshya SAMVAD and non-Axshya SAMVAD groups, among patients with new sputum-smear-positive TB enrolled in Axshya SAMVAD study in India, 2016–2017.
| Overallb (N = 465) |
Axshya SAMVAD (N = 234) |
Non-Axshya SAMVAD (N = 231) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Costs ($US)a/time due to TB diagnosis | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | p valuec |
| Direct medical costs | 8.3 (0.0, 44.1) | 3.3 (0.0, 31.5) | 15.7 (0.8, 58.0) | <0.001 |
| Consultation fee | 0.0 (0.0,5.2) | 0.0 (0.0,3.1) | 1.5 (0.0,6.3) | <0.001 |
| Medicines | 2.4 (0.0,28.3) | 0.0 (0.0,18.9) | 5.9 (0.0,39.6) | 0.005 |
| Investigations | 0.0 (0.0,4.7) | 0.0 (0.0,1.3) | 0.0 (0.0,7.9) | <0.001 |
| Direct non-medical costs (travel) | 1.3 (0.0,4.7) | 0.3 (0.0,3.1) | 1.9 (0.0, 7.0) | <0.001 |
| Direct costs (all) | 10.9 (0.2, 50.4) | 4.2 (0, 39.5) | 19.1 (2.1, 67.3) | <0.001 |
| Indirect costs (wages/income lost) | 0.3 (0.0,1.3) | 0.1 (0.0,0.8) | 0.6 (0.2,1.7) | <0.001 |
| Total costs | 12.5 (0.4, 52.6) | 4.6 (0, 40.1) | 20.4(3.8,68.8) | <0.001 |
| Total costs – public | 0.8 (0.0, 2.7) | 0.4 (0.0,2.1) | 1.1 (0.0, 3.1) | 0.014 |
| Total costs – private | 20.0 (4.5,67.6) | 15.9 (2.1, 58.2) | 24.2 (6.2, 73.1) | 0.090 |
| Time spent in hours for consultation |
5.0 (0.0,16.0) |
2.0 (0.0,10.0) |
8.0 (2.0,18.0) |
<0.001 |
| Zero time/costs due to TB diagnosis |
% |
% |
% |
p valued |
| Direct medical costs | 32.4 | 43.0 | 21.4 | <0.001 |
| Consultation fee | 50.0 | 59.6 | 40.2 | <0.001 |
| Medicines | 44.9 | 50.9 | 38.8 | 0.010 |
| Investigations | 62.8 | 72.2 | 53.1 | <0.001 |
| Direct non-medical costs (travel) | 34.8 | 44.3 | 25.0 | <0.001 |
| Direct costs (all) | 24.0 | 33.0 | 14.7 | <0.001 |
| Indirect costs (wages/income lost) | 29.6 | 39.7 | 19.5 | <0.001 |
| Total costs | 23.0 | 32.5 | 13.4 | <0.001 |
| Time spent in hours for consultation | 29.4 | 40.0 | 19.0 | <0.001 |
Column percentage.
IQR: Interquartile range; TB: tuberculosis; SAMVAD: sensitisation and advocacy in marginalised and vulnerable areas of the district. Axshya SAMVAD: an active case finding strategy under project Axshya implemented by The Union, South East Asia office, New Delhi, India, across 285 districts of India. Non-Axshya SAMVAD: patients detected through passive case findings.
aAverage Indian rupee to USD conversion rate in January 2018 (US$1 = 63.6 Indian rupees), Indian rupee value used for calculating the p value.
bTotal costs information was available from all 465. However, details of time spent in consultation and costs for consultation, medicines, investigations and travel were not available for 11 patients.
cMann–Whitney test.
dChi square test.