Table 6.
Distribution of total costs, total costs as a proportion of pre-TB annual household income and catastrophic costs due to TB diagnosis across income quintiles, stratified by Axshya SAMVAD and non-Axshya SAMVAD groups, among TB (new sputum-smear-positive) affected households in India, 2016–2017 (N = 451).
| Characteristic |
Axshya SAMVAD (N = 234) |
Non-Axshya SAMVAD (N = 231) |
|---|---|---|
| Total costs | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) |
| 1st MIPC quintile | 10.31 (0.13, 57.50) | 16.89 (2.23, 61.94) |
| 2nd MIPC quintile | 5.28 (0, 37.81) | 38.13 (7.72, 71.89) |
| 3rd MIPC quintile | 4.92 (0, 59.20) | 18.00 (1.89, 69.40) |
| 4th MIPC quintile | 0.55 (0, 13.32) | 17.99 (2.22, 59.37) |
| 5th MIPC quintile | 4.21 (0.27, 39.81) | 22.17 (7.00, 77.22) |
| Overall | 4.64 (0, 40.13) | 20.36 (3.79, 68.76) |
|
p valuea |
0.128 |
0.528 |
| Total costs as a percentage of pre-TB annual household income |
Median (IQR) |
Median (IQR) |
| 1st MIPC quintile | 6.0 (0.0, 28.0) | 8.0 (1.0, 36.5) |
| 2nd MIPC quintile | 1.0 (0.0, 9.0) | 7.0 (1.0, 14.0) |
| 3rd MIPC quintile | 1.0 (0.0, 8.0) | 2.0 (0.0, 6.8) |
| 4th MIPC quintile | 0.0 (0.0, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 3.3) |
| 5th MIPC quintile | 0.0 (0.0, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) |
| Overall | 0.0 (0.0, 5.8) | 2.0 (0.0, 8.0) |
|
p valuea |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| Catastrophic costsb |
% |
% |
| 1st MIPC quintile | 31.1 | 31.1 |
| 2nd MIPC quintile | 8.9 | 15.6 |
| 3rd MIPC quintile | 8.3 | 9.1 |
| 4th MIPC quintile | 2.2 | 2.2 |
| 5th MIPC quintile | 0 | 0 |
| Overall | 10.3 | 11.5 |
| p valuea | <0.001 | <0.001 |
TB: tuberculosis; SAMVAD: sensitisation and advocacy in marginalised and vulnerable areas of the district; Axshya SAMVAD: an active case finding strategy under project Axshya implemented by The Union, South East Asia office, New Delhi, India, across 285 districts of India; non-Axshya SAMVAD: patients detected through passive case findings; MIPC: monthly income per capita.
a p value to assess whether the distribution of the indicator was significantly different across the income quintiles (Kruskal–Wallis test for total costs and total costs as a percentage of pre-TB annual household income; chi square test for catastrophic costs).
bTotal costs due to TB diagnosis more than 20% of pre-TB annual household income.