Table 1.
C | HC | HCB1 | HCB2 | HCB3 | HCB4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Formulation (%) | ||||||
Fish meal | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 |
Soybean meal | 26.00 | 26.00 | 26.00 | 26.00 | 26.00 | 26.00 |
Rapeseed meal | 17.00 | 17.00 | 17.00 | 17.00 | 17.00 | 17.00 |
Cottonseed meal | 17.00 | 17.00 | 17.00 | 17.00 | 17.00 | 17.00 |
Fish oil | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Soybean oil | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Corn starch | 12.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 |
Benfotiamine (mg/kg) | 0 | 0 | 0.7125 | 1.425 | 2.85 | 5.7 |
Microcrystalline cellulose | 13.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Calcium biphosphate | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 |
Premix∗ | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 |
Proximate composition (% air-dry basis) | ||||||
Moisture | 6.96 | 6.85 | 6.92 | 6.95 | 6.90 | 6.87 |
Crude lipid | 5.93 | 5.71 | 5.78 | 5.66 | 5.77 | 5.87 |
Ash | 8.46 | 8.28 | 8.12 | 8.23 | 8.34 | 8.20 |
Crude protein | 29.82 | 30.12 | 30.31 | 30.03 | 30.02 | 30.11 |
Crude fiber | 16.97 | 6.18 | 6.29 | 6.30 | 6.23 | 6.28 |
Nitrogen-free extract† | 31.86 | 42.75 | 42.58 | 42.83 | 42.74 | 42.67 |
Energy (MJ/kg) | 19.09 | 19.24 | 19.38 | 19.31 | 19.23 | 19.30 |
C, the control diet; HC, the high-carbohydrate diet; HCB1, the HC diet supplemented with 0.7125 mg/kg benfotiamine; HCB2, the HC diet supplemented with 1.425 mg/kg benfotiamine; HCB3, the HC diet supplemented with 2.85 mg/kg benfotiamine; HCB4, the HC diet supplemented with 5.7 mg/kg benfotiamine (the same below). ∗Premix supplied the following minerals and/or vitamins (per kg): CuSO4⋅5H2O, 2.0 g; FeSO4⋅7H2O, 25 g; ZnSO4⋅7H2O, 22 g; MnSO4⋅4H2O, 7 g; Na2SeO3, 0.04g; KI, 0.026 g; CoCl2⋅6H2O, 0.1 g; Vitamin A, 900,000 IU; Vitamin D, 200,000 IU; Vitamin E, 4500 mg; Vitamin K3, 220 mg; Vitamin B1, 320 mg; Vitamin B2, 1090 mg; Vitamin B5, 2000 mg; Vitamin B6, 500 mg; Vitamin B12, 1.6 mg; Vitamin C, 5000 mg; Pantothenate, 1000 mg; Folic acid, 165 mg; Choline, 60,000 mg. †Calculated by difference (100 - moisture - crude protein - crude lipid - ash - crude fiber).