Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients with non-ACO and ACO.
| Characteristics | Non-ACO (n=60) | ACO (n=77) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 74.0±8.1 | 72.5±7.4 | 0.25 |
| Gender, male (%) | 50 (83.3) | 56 (72.7) | 0.14 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.2±3.1 | 24.3±3.4 | <0.01 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Ever smoker (%) | 46 (76.7) | 51 (66.2) | 0.64 |
| Pack-years | 26.7±22.0 | 27.4±20.7 | 0.88 |
| Lung function, postbronchodilator | |||
| FEV1, L | 1.6±0.5 | 1.7±0.5 | 0.21 |
| FEV1, % | 71.1±15.8 | 77.6±16.6 | 0.02 |
| FVC, L | 2.9±0.8 | 2.9±0.7 | 0.85 |
| FVC, % | 92.5±17.5 | 96.5±16.1 | 0.17 |
| FEV1/FVC | 55.6±8.6 | 58.5±7.5 | 0.04 |
| ∆FEV1#, mL | 62.0±176.5 | 172.6±154.0 | <0.01 |
| ∆FEV1#, % | 2.9±8.5 | 8.4±6.8 | <0.01 |
| BDR positivity¶ (%) | 7 (11.7) | 30 (39.0) | <0.01 |
| Comorbid condition (%) | |||
| Asthma | 0 (0) | 55 (71.4) | <0.01 |
| DM | 13 (21.7) | 14 (18.2) | 0.48 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 3 (5.0) | 2 (2.6) | 0.42 |
| Congestive heart failure | 0 (0) | 2 (2.6) | 0.22 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.3) | 0.85 |
| History of pulmonary tuberculosis | 10 (16.7) | 16 (20.8) | 0.62 |
| Chronic renal failure | 0 (0) | 2 (2.6) | 0.22 |
| Symptom score | |||
| mMRC | 1.6±1.1 | 1.9±1.2 | 0.21 |
| CAT | 18.7±9.1 | 20.9±8.8 | 0.17 |
| History of exacerbations in the past year (%) | |||
| Unplanned visit to an outpatient clinic (No./year) | 2 (3.3) | 9 (11.7) | 0.09 |
| Unplanned visit to an emergency department or hospital admission (No./year) | 3 (5.0) | 7 (9.1) | 0.40 |
| ≥2 events in the past year | 3 (5.0) | 7 (9.1) | 0.36 |
| Inhaler use (%) | |||
| LABA and/or LAMA | 10 (16.7) | 11 (14.3) | 0.70 |
| ICS/LABA | 10 (16.7) | 12 (15.6) | 0.86 |
| ICS/LABA/LAMA | 5 (8.3) | 7 (9.1) | 0.88 |
Data are presented as number (%) or mean ± standard deviation. ¶, positive bronchodilator response implies elevated FEV1 >12% and >200 mL from baseline FEV1 after the inhalation of 200 ìg salbutamol; ∆, change in FEV1; #, after the inhalation of 200 ìg salbutamol. ACO, asthma-COPD overlap; BMI, body mass index; CAT, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test; DM, diabetes mellitus; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; HTN, hypertension; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long acting beta2 receptor agonist; LAMA, long acting muscarinic receptor agonist; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council.