Thylakoid membrane pmf and the partitioning of pmf into its ∆ψ and ∆pH components in leaf 5 of tobacco. Plants were grown at ACO2 or ECO2 and either well watered (A–C) or experiencing a moderate water deficit (D–F). A and D, ECSt, a measure of pmf. B and E, ECSinv, a measure of ∆pH. C and F, ECSss, a measure of ∆ψ. Data are presented for the wild type (WT; gray bars), AOX overexpressors (B8, left black bars; B7, right black bars), and AOX knockdowns (RI9, left white bars; RI29, right white bars). Measurements were done at growth irradiance (700 PPFD) and growth Ca (i.e. 400 or 1,000 µmol mol−1). Each experiment included single individuals for each plant line and growth condition. Data are means ± se of three independent experiments (n = 3). Within a growth condition, plant lines not sharing a common letter are significantly different from one another (P < 0.05). In data sets without letters, there are no significant differences across plant lines.