Table 1.
Reported cases of chronic myeloid leukemia with hypercalcemia
| Authors | Age/Sex | Onset of hypercalcemia after CML diagnosis | Phase of CML | Treatment | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-chemotherapy | Chemotherapy | |||||
| Ballard and Marcus (1970) [9] | 31/M | 2.5 months | BP | PRED | BU | No response; died 19 days later |
| 40/M | 4 years | NR | Hydration, PRED | BU | No response; died 24 hours later | |
| Licht et al. (1973) [20] | 40/F | 5 years | BP | Hydration, hydrocortisone, low calcium diet | BU | Response temporary; died 3 weeks later |
| Joyner et al. (1977) [5] | 19/F | 8 months | AP | PRED, IV phosphate, calcitonin | Mithramycin | Rapid CR in 8 hours due to calcitonin and mithramycin; later, died |
| 34/M | 8 months | BP | PRED | VCR, mithramycin | CR due to mithramycin temporary; later, died | |
| 23/M | 4 years | AP | Calcitonin | Mithramycin | No response; later, died | |
| Tricot et al. (1983) [21] | 36/M | 3 years | BP | Calcitonin, PRED | VCR | Response to calcitonin; died a few days later |
| Attar et al. (1988) [22] | 62/NA | 8 years | BP | Hydration, corticosteroid, furosemide, calcitonin | Rubidomycin, cytarabine, thioguanine | No response; later, rapidly died |
| Kubota et al. (1989) [23] | 43/M | 4 months | BP | Hydration, PRED, forced diuresis, calcitonin | VCR, daunomycin | CR due to CMT; died 8 months later |
| Taillan et al. (1992) [24] | 54/F | 13 years | BP | Conventional therapy | HU | Rapid CR; died 1 month later |
| Kubonishi et al. (1997) [10] | 52/M | 6 years | BP | Pamidronate, PRED, elcatonin | Vindesine, HU, enocitabine, aclarubicin, 6MP, DAU, DOX | Transient response; died 1.5 months later |
| Sharma et al. (1998) [11] | 56/F | NR | AP | Hydration, glucocorticoids, furosemide | HU, cytarabine | NR |
| Quitt et al. (1998) [12] | 49/F | 10 years | AP | Hydration, diuretic, calcitonin, steroids, surgery | HU, BU | Minimal response; died 24 hours later |
| Kwak et al. (2000) [13] | 57/M | 6 years | BP | Hydration, corticosteroids, calcitonin | HU | CR |
| 32/M | 0 | AP | Hydration, corticosteroids, calcitonin | HU | CR | |
| Nadal et al. (2001) [16] | 78/F | 4–5 months | BP | Hydration, PRED, diuretic, pamidronate | VCR, adriamycin | Rapid CR; died 1 month later |
| Lima et al. (2002) [25] | 35/F | 2 years | BP | PRED, pamidronate | Cyclophosphamide, DOX, VCR | CR in 1 week; died 1 month later |
| Miyoshi et al. (2005) [14] | 68/F | 4 years | BP | PRED, diuretic, incadronate, elcatonin | Enocitabine, DAU, VCR | CR; died 8 months later |
| Noguchi and Oshimi (2007) [26] | 66/M | 10 years | BP | Hydration, PRED, bisphosphonate, elcatonin | VCR | CR in 3 weeks; died 8 weeks after admission |
| Valizadeh et al. (2013) [18] | 70/M | NR | BP | Parathyroidectomy | Imatinib | NR |
| Toro-Tobón et al. (2017) [4] | 58/M | 6 years | BP | Hydration, calcitonin, zoledronic acid | Ponatinib | CR in 5 days; died 8 months later |
| This case (2018) | 35/M | 1 year | BP | Hydration, calcitonin, dexamethasone | Imatinib | CR in 1 week from dexamethasone; later, lost to follow-up |
AP accelerated phase, BP blast phase, BU busulfan, CML chronic myeloid leukemia, CMT chemotherapy, CR complete response, DAU daunorubicin, DOX doxorubicin, F female, HU hydroxyurea, IV intravenous, M male, NA not available, NR not reported, PRED prednisolone, VCR vincristine, 6MP 6-mercaptopurine