Table 2.
Rotavirus disease and cost burden in children < 15 years old (mean (95% credibility interval) and incremental results from targeted or universal infant rotavirus vaccination based on a 20 years’ time horizon
| Disease and cost burden | AGE episodes (× 1000) | Hospitalizationsa (× 1000) | Fatal cases | Vaccine- induced IS | QALYs lostb | Life years lostb | Net societal costsb (mio €) | |
| No vaccination | 1251 (903–1627) | 54 (48–60) | 110 (59–175) | NA | 2597 (1681–3727) | 1309 (471–2372) | 180 (153–218) | |
| Targeted vaccination | 1208 (871–1573) | 46 (41–51) | 12 (5–23) | 4.61 | 1458 (1057–1890) | 195 (18–463) | 163 (139–199) | |
| Universal vaccination | 586 (407–789) | 14 (12–16) | 7 (4–11) | 58.40 | 689 (477–923) | 105 (5–245) | 278 (268–294) | |
| Incremental results from vaccination | Averted AGE episodes (× 1000) | Averted hospitalizations (× 1000) | Averted fatal cases | Additional IS | Incremental QALYs gained | Incremental life years gained | ∆ net societal costs (in mio €)c | ICER €/QALY gained |
| Targeted vaccination vs no vaccination | ||||||||
| Absolute change | 433 (32–55) | 8 (7–9) | 99 (54–153) | 4.61 | 1139 (426–2022) | 1114 (399–2004) | -−17c (−21 to –13.6)c | Cost-saving (cost-saving − cost-saving) |
| Percent reduction | 3.4% (2.9–4.0%) | 14.7% (13.9–15.3%) | 89.8% (86.7–92.2%) | NA | 42.7% (23.0–57.7%) | 85.6% (72.3–97.2%) | 9.4% (8.0–11.0%) | NA |
| Universal vaccination vs no vaccination | ||||||||
| Absolute change | 664 (482–864) | 40 (35–45) | 103 (56–165) | 58.40 | 1907 (1114–2915) | 1204 (428–2191) | 98 (74–116.4) | 51,277 (29,259–94,686) |
| Percent reduction | 53.2% (48.1–58.4%) | 74.4% (71.9-76.5%) | 93.9% (92.7–94.8%) | NA | 72.9% (63.0–81.1%) | 92.1% (82.5–99.3%) | NA | NA |
| Universal vaccination vs targeted vaccinationd | ||||||||
| Absolute change | 622 (451–810) | 32 (28–36) | 4 (1–12) | 53.79 | 769 (561–1003) | 90 (9–239) | 115 (94–131) | 149,282 (101,101–220,113) |
| Percent reduction | 51.5% (46.5–56.7%) | 70% (67.4–72.3%) | 39.5% (26.9–53.4%) | NA | 52.8% (47.6–58.8%) | 48.2% (25.4–88.6%) | NA | NA |
aIncluding nosocomial infections
bUsing a 3% discount rate for effects (QALYs/life years) and costs
cNegative costs are savings
dComparing universal vaccination to targeted vaccination in order to obtain the incremental results of extending targeted vaccination to universal vaccination