Table 4. Model summaries of episodic memory and executive functions with waist-to-hip ratio as the predictor.

	Episodic memory (n = 3,700)				Executive functions (n = 3,707)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Predictor
Waist-to-hip ratio	−0.069**	−0.049*	−0.047*	−0.047*	−0.091**	−0.059*	−0.060**	−0.070**
Covariates
Age	−0.293**	−0.257**	−0.268**	−0.267**	−0.338**	−0.300**	−0.306**	−0.301**
Sex	−0.202**	−0.219**	−0.215**	−0.215**	0.119**	0.094**	0.094**	0.104**
Education	0.172**	0.148**	0.144**	0.144**	0.329**	0.288**	0.277**	0.277**
Household income	0.032†	0.015	0.018	0.018	0.085**	0.055*	0.058**	0.055*
Subjective status	−0.011	0.001	0.025	0.025	−0.002	0.021	0.022	0.023
Hypertension		−0.006	−0.009	−0.009		0.000	−0.001	−0.006
Diabetes		−0.010	−0.014	−0.014		−0.011	−0.012	−0.015
Stroke		−0.020	−0.019	−0.018		−0.040*	−0.040*	−0.038*
Self-rated health		−0.060*	−0.046*	−0.047*		−0.113**	−0.113**	−0.118**
Chronic disease		−0.007	0.006	0.006		−0.020	−0.015	−0.018
Former smoker		0.013	0.014	0.014		0.026†	0.027†	0.025†
Current smoker		0.032*	0.030†	0.031†		0.003	0.003	0.007
Alcohol		0.022	0.022	0.022		0.039*	0.041*	0.041*
Physical exercise		0.082**	0.080**	0.080**		0.094**	0.098**	0.098**
Agreeableness			0.016	0.015			0.030†	0.027
Openness			0.027	0.027			0.024	0.026
Neuroticism			−0.053*	−0.053*			−0.044*	−0.043*
Extraversion			−0.001	−0.001			−0.069**	−0.068**
Conscientiousness			0.024	0.023			0.004	0.005
Perceived obesity				0.003				0.044*
Model statistics
R	0.449	0.464	0.469	0.469	0.580	0.606	0.610	0.611
R2	0.202	0.215	0.220	0.220	0.337	0.367	0.372	0.373
R2 change	0.202**	0.014**	0.005**	0.000**	0.337**	0.031**	0.005**	0.002*

Notes:

Waist-to-hip ratio, age, sex, education, household income, and subjective socioeconomic status (SES) were included in the Model 1. Hypertension, diabetes, stroke, self-reported physical health, the total number of chronic diseases, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity were further included as covariates in the Model 2. Big five personality traits, including extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness to experience, were further included as covariates in the Model 3. Self-perceived obesity was additionally included as a covariate in the Model 4. Sex was coded with female as reference. Former and current smoker were coded with non-smoker as reference. Regular alcohol intake was coded with non-drinker as reference. Hypertension, diabetes, and stroke were coded with no respective health condition experienced for the last 12 months as reference. Model statistics were based on the first imputed dataset.

^†p < 0.10.

^*p < 0.05.

^**p < 0.001.