Table 3.

HR with 95% CI for the first treatment adjustment (addition and switching) as compared with metformin

Study end point	Biguanides (metformin)	SUs	DPP-4 inhibitors	AG inhibitors	TZDs
Treatment adjustment	1 (reference)	1.49 (1.46–1.51)	1.47 (1.41–1.52)	1.30 (1.23–1.36)	1.51 (1.37–1.66)
Addition	1 (reference)	1.21 (1.19–1.24)	1.26 (1.21–1.31)	0.54 (0.50–0.59)	0.78 (0.67–0.90)
Switching	1 (reference)	3.31 (3.20–3.42)	2.87 (2.65–3.11)	6.19 (5.77–6.64)	7.31 (6.35–8.42)

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; SU, sulfonylurea; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; AG, α-glucosidase; TZD, thiazolidinedione.