Table 2.
The characteristics of studies regarding topical TXA
| Study ID | No T vs C | Mean age (years): T vs C | Anesthesia | Fracture type | Surgical management | Intervention | Control | Thromboprophylaxis | Transfusion criteria | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emara et al (2014)21 | 20/20 | 55/56 | General anesthesia | Hip fracture | Hemiarthroplasty | 100 mL normal saline with 1.5 g of TXA was purred into the surgical field and left for 5 min before suction | Normal saline | Low-molecular-weight heparin | NR | 4 weeks |
| Drakos et al (2016)25 | 100/100 | 81/80.7 | Spinal anesthesia | Intertrochanteric fracture | Intramedullary nail | Subfascial administration of 3 g of TXA around the fracture site at the end of the surgical procedure | NR | Low-molecular-weight heparin | Hb <8 g/dL or hematocrit <25% | 12 months |
| Virani et al (2016)27 | 67/70 | 67/69.1 | NR | Peritrochanteric fracture | Dynamic hip screw and barrel plate | Subfascial and intramuscular infiltration of 2 g TXA before wound closure | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Abbreviations: TXA, tranexamic acid; T, topical TXA group; C, control group; NR, no report.