Table 1.
Clinical evaluation of β-blockers in multiple cancer subtypes
| Study | Year of publication | Tumor type | Total number of patients (# in BB group) | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Powe et al32 | 2010 | Breast | 466 (43) | Risk of metastasis HR 0.430 (95% CI: 0.200–0.926) 10 year mortality HR 0.291 (95% CI: 0.119–0.715) |
| Barron et al33 | 2011 | Breast | 5,263 (525) | Breast cancer-specific mortality HR 0.19 (95% CI: 0.06–0.60) |
| Melhem-Bertrandt et al82 | 2011 | Breast | 1,413 (102) | RFS HR 0.30 (95% CI: 0.10–0.87) |
| Botteri et al83 | 2013 | Breast | 800 (74) | HR for metastasis 0.32 (95% CI: 0.12–0.90) and HR for breast cancer related mortality 0.42 (95% CI: 0.18–0.97) |
| Jansen et al35 | 2014 | Colorectal | 1,820 (509) | OS HR 0.50 (95% CI: 0.33–0.78) |
| Beg et al36 | 2017 | Pancreas | 13,702 (5209) | OS HR 0.90 (95% CI: 0.85–0.95) |
| De Giorgi et al84 | 2011 | Melanoma | 121 (30) | Recurrence HR 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01–0.28) |
| De Giorgi et al85 | 2013 | Melanoma | 741 (79) | DFS HR 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01–0.17) OS HR 0.62 (95% CI: 0.43–0.9) |
| Lemeshow et al86 | 2011 | Melanoma | 4,179 (372) | HR for melanoma death 0.87 (95% CI: 0.64–1.20) and for all-cause mortality was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.67–0.97) |
| De Giorgi et ala,37 | 2017 | Melanoma | 53 (19) | Recurrence HR 0.18 (95% CI: 0.04–0.89) |
| Nilsson et al19 | 2017 | Lung | Improved benefit from afatinib in Phase 3 trial compared with benefit seen in patients not on BB | |
| Johannesdottir et al87 | 2013 | Ovarian | 4,406 (300) | OS in current BB users HR 1.17 (95% CI: 1.02–1.34) Previous BB users HR 1.18 (95% CI: 0.90–1.55) |
| Watkins et al88 | 2015 | Ovarian | 1,425 (269) | Longer median OS was observed among users of a nonselective β-blocker compared with nonusers (38.2 vs 90 months; log rank P<0.001) |
| Huang et ala,89 | 2016 | Ovarian | 110 cases | No impact of β blockers on ovarian cancer risk HR of ovarian cancer risk in current users of BB =0.88 (95% CI: 0.47–1.64) |
| Grytli et al90 | 2013 | Prostate | 6,303 (776) | Prostate cancer-specific mortality HR 0.14 (95% CI: 0.02–0.85) No effect on overall mortality HR 0.88 (95% CI: 0.56–1.38) |
| Grytli et al91 | 2014 | Prostate | 3,561 (1115) | Prostate cancer-specific mortality HR 0.79 (95% CI: 0.68–0.91) No effect on all-cause mortality HR 0.92 (95% CI: 0.83–1.02) |
Notes:
a
Prospective studies. All others are retrospective.
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; RFS, relapse-free survival; DFS, disease-free survival; OS, overall survival; BB, β-blocker.