Table 3. Refinement procedure (hierarchical mode).

Level: the hierarchy level being refined. At the detector level, the basis frame of the entire detector is refined as a block. At the quadrant level, the four quadrant frames are independently refined. At the sensor level, the 32 individual sensors are independently refined. Sensors: which of the eight sensors per quadrant are refined (see Fig. 1 ▸). Fix: parameters that are not allowed to refine. Refine: parameters that are refined (note that all of the thousands of crystal cells and orientations are always simultaneously refined with the detector model). Constraints: how the parameters are constrained to change in concert. After the first refinement step, the distance parameter of the child frames being refined are all constrained to change by the same amount. This preserves a coplanar detector while refining the detector distance at each step.

Level	Sensors	Fix	Refine	Constraints
Detector	All	τ1, τ2, τ3	Distance, Shift1, Shift2	None
Quadrants	All	τ1group1, τ2, τ3	Distance, τ1, Shift1, Shift2	Coplanar
Sensors	All	τ1group1, τ2, τ3	Distance, τ1, Shift1, Shift2	Coplanar