R.m.s.d.s of the observations versus the predictions are listed at each cycle of indexing and refinement for each mode, hierarchical and expanding. Step: stage in refinement procedure. Initial: r.m.s.d. of indexed reflections before refinement. Cycle 1: r.m.s.d. of reflections after refinement. Cycles 2–4: r.m.s.d.s after reindexing using the metrology of the previous cycle and re-refining the same set of images. The overall r.m.s.d. is listed, which is the r.m.s.d. of all reflections in the data set for the cycle. The ‘common set’ r.m.s.d. is also listed, which is the r.m.s.d. of reflections that were indexed in every data set between both modes (218 954 reflections).