Table 3.
Urinary volume, creatinine clearance, plasma and urinary levels of creatinine, urea and uric acid, and BUN of control and treated rats with penconazole (PEN), N. retusa aqueous extract (NRE) or their combination (NRE + PEN).
| Parameters and treatments | Controls | PEN | NRE + PEN | NRE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urinary volume (mL/24 h) | 5.33 ± 0.41 | 14.00 ± 1.87*** | 11.67 ± 0.41***## | 7.67 ± 1.08*** |
| Creatinine clearance (μL/min) | 536.75 ± 81.31 | 339.58 ± 39.50*** | 533.28 ± 88.10### | 640.26 ± 83.20* |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | ||||
| Plasma | 52.40 ± 3.12 | 62.62 ± 6.12** | 54.67 ± 4.86# | 54.34 ± 0.96 |
| Urine | 7551.25 ± 573.05 | 2216.67 ± 440.08*** | 3580.63 ± 526.25***### | 6550.00 ± 39.53** |
| Urea (mmol/L) | ||||
| Plasma | 5.82 ± 0.39 | 9.35 ± 0.48*** | 7.38 ± 0.25***### | 6.49 ± 0.23** |
| Urine | 472.61 ± 66.84 | 161.22 ± 9.60*** | 234.16 ± 31.28***### | 359.57 ± 19.09** |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | ||||
| Plasma | 73.13 ± 6.04 | 120.71 ± 9.60*** | 64.53 ± 5.30***# | 76.93 ± 3.70 |
| Urine | 247.50 ± 39.47 | 131.67 ± 14.72*** | 147.5 ± 7.58***# | 215.00 ± 30.17 |
| BUNa (mmol/L) | 2.72 ± 0.18 | 4.37 ± 0.22*** | 3.45 ± 0.12***### | 3.06 ± 0.11** |
Values are means ± SD for six rats in each group.
BUN: blood urea nitrogen.
a
BUN was calculated using the formula conversion:
BUN (mmol/L) = [urea(mmol/L)]/2.14.
PEN, NRE + PEN and NRE groups vs. control group:
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01.
***
p < 0.001.
NRE + PEN group vs PEN group:
#
p < 0.05.
##
p < 0.01.
###
p < 0.001.