Table 1.

Composition [%] of the EOs of P. mugo, P. peuce and P. heldreichii.

		P. mugo			P. peuce		P. heldreichii
Constituentsa	KIb	Needles	Twigs	Cones	Needles	Twigs	Needles	Twigs
Tricyclene	926	0.80	0.17	tr	0.53	0.13	0.16	tr
α-Thujene	930	1.44	0.26	0.20	–	–	–	–
α-Pinene	940	21.34	8.20	4.10	36.79	15.96	10.57	14.32
Camphene	948	2.82	0.65	0.30	8.04	2.00	0.64	0.43
Thuja-2,4(10)-diene	960	0.11	0.54	0.70	–	–	–	–
Sabinene	975	0.95	1.12	0.40	0.06	0.35	tr	0.03
β-Pinene	979	3.66	10.99	1.60	13.00	21.48	1.66	0.89
Myrcene	990	1.94	2.36	1.10	0.79	1.98	1.56	1.86
α-Phellandrene	1005	0.26	0.38	tr	0.21	tr	tr	tr
δ-3-Carene	1011	19.29	28.05	15.80	0.20	0.86	0.11	tr
α-Terpinene	1018	0.37	0.23	0.20	tr	tr	–	–
p-Cymene	1024	0.32	0.38	0.30	–	–	–	–
β-Phellandrene	1029	–	–	–	6.07	35.82	–	–
Limonene	1031	3.67	19.50	2.20	–	–	43.93	64.22
β-E-Ocimene	1050	0.60	tr	tr	0.44	0.27	–	–
γ-Terpinene	1062	0.72	0.42	0.40	0.27	0.17	–	–
γ-Terpinolene	1088	3.60	2.62	1.10	0.29	0.35	0.20	0.05
Linalool	1098	0.24	0.12	4.60	0.69	0.21	–	–
α-Campholenal	1127	tr	0.31	0.20	tr	0.11	–	–
E-Pinocarveol	1139	0.16	0.20	0.20	0.44	0.24	0.43	0.04
Z-Verbenol	1141	–	–	–	0.32	0.15	–	–
Camphor	1146	0.42	0.29	0.30	–	–	–	–
Borneol	1165	0.60	0.57	1.00	0.11	0.22	0.16	tr
Terpinene-4-ol	1177	0.10	0.21	tr	tr	0.25	0.20	tr
p-Cymen-8-ol	1183	0.23	0.23	tr	–	–	–	–
α-Terpinol	1188	0.25	0.24	0.80	9.27	2.37	0.31	0.11
Methyl salicylate	1191	0.23	0.88	0.20	–	–	–	–
Myrtenol	1195	0.50	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.24	0.61	0.06
E-Piperitol	1208	–	–	–	1.20	0.29	–	–
Thymol methyl ether	1235	0.16	tr	1.10	–	–	–	–
Carvone	1243	–	–	–	–	–	0.22	0.14
Linalool acetate	1256	0.11	7.23	1.20	0.14	tr	–	–
Bornyl acetate	1285	3.03	tr	0.50	4.23	3.30	0.35	0.60
α-Copane	1376	0.14	0.19	0.20	0.23	0.36	0.16	tr
β-Bourbonene	1384	0.25	tr	tr	0.13	0.61	0.13	tr
β-Elemene	1391	1.46	0.86	0.30	tr	tr	0.18	tr
Longifolene	1407	0.33	tr	1.40	–	–	tr	1.31
Unknown 1	1420	tr	0.23	0.90	–	–	–	–
E-Caryophyllene	1418	6.68	4.05	20.20	tr	tr	4.40	0.33
β-Copaene	1432	0.33	0.23	0.50	tr	0.11	0.11	0.11
α-Humulene	1454	0.43	0.17	tr	tr	0.13	2.11	0.95
Aromadendrene	1458	1.07	0.88	3.20	–	–	–	–
Z-Muurola-4(14),5-diene	1466	0.37	0.05	0.20	0.23	1.01	tr	0.41
β-Chamigrene	1477	tr	0.27	0.30	–	–	–	–
γ-Muurolene	1479	0.87	tr	0.60	–	–	0.93	1.39
Germacrene D	1481	6.14	0.39	1.20	10.00	4.69	17.17	2.04
Bicyclogermacrene	1500	2.11	0.61	0.30	0.86	0.32	–	–
α-Muurolene	1500	0.71	0.20	0.30	–	–	0.22	0.14
γ-Cadinene	1519	0.90	0.19	0.30	0.29	0.81	0.40	0.19
β-Cadinene	1519	–	–	–	–	–	0.92	0.18
δ-Cadinene	1523	2.33	0.43	0.70	0.86	0.90	1.08	0.18
trans-Cadina-1,4-diene	1534	0.52	0.10	0.40	–	–	0.22	0.12
α-Cadinene	1538	0.41	0.31	0.70	0.31	tr	–	–
E-Nerolidol	1561	0.43	0.20	0.20	0.24	tr	–	–
Germacrene-4-ol	1582	tr	tr	tr	0.27	0.13	0.14	0.07
Spathulenol	1578	1.09	0.21	0.20	0.33	0.40	0.97	tr
Caryophyllene oxide	1583	1.49	0.29	0.40	0.14	0.22	3.11	2.09
Humolene epoxide II	1636	–	–	–	0.35	0.16	0.12	0.15
Z-Cadin-4-en-7ol	1636	–	–	–	0.51	0.42	0.65	0.07
epi-α-Cadinol	1640	0.99	tr	0.30	–	–	0.11	0.58
α-Muurolol	1645	0.18	0.14	1.30	0.19	0.00	0.29	0.09
α-Cadinol	1653	–	–	–	0.14	0.13	0.17	0.08
Khusinol	1680	–	–	–	–	–	0.20	0.67
Eudesma-4(15),7-diene-1-β-ol	1688	–	–	–	0.19	0.18	0.17	0.12
E-Nerolidylacetate	1717	–	–	–	–	–	tr	0.72
Oplopanone	1733	–	–	–	–	–	tr	0.65
Benzyl benzoate	1762	–	–	–	–	–	tr	0.44
Phenyl ethyl octanoate	1847	–	–	–	–	–	tr	0.59
3Z-Hexenyl cinnamate	1881	–	–	–	–	–	tr	0.43
Abietadiene	2087	tr	tr	0.20	–	–	–	–
Unknown 2	2116	tr	0.71	20.20	–	–	–	–
Unknown 3	2159	0.91	0.69	tr	–	–	–	–
Unknown 4		0.06	0.60	4.80	–	–	–	–
Total identified		97.15	96.12	72.1	98.55	97.32	95.09	96.83
Yield %v/w (min and max values)		0.5–0.6	1.1–1.2	0.4–0.5	0.7–1.0	3.0–3.3	0.2–0.3	0.8–1.2

^aCompounds are listed in order of elution from an HP-5MS column and their percentages were obtained by FID peak-area normalization.

^bKovats indices calculated against a C9-C28 n-alkanes mixture on the HP5 MS column. tr: traces.