. 2017 Jan 31;55(1):722–728. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1268635

Table 3.

Effect of metformin in presence/absence of bicuculline or wortmannin on T2DM-induced changes in the fasting blood glucose and insulin level, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B indices of T2DM rats.

Groups	Fasting blood Glucose (mmol/L)	Fasting blood Insulin (pmol/L)		HOMA-IR	HOMA-B
Control	4.8 ± 0.19		75.2 ± 3.22	2.7 ± 0.32	175.4 ± 13.41
T2DM	25.7 ± 1.23^a		122.4 ± 10.21^a	21.2 ± 1.29^a	15.5 ± 4.85^a
T2DM + MET	15.3 ± 1.17^a^,^b		81.4 ± 8.71^a^,^b	10.3 ± 0.33^a^,^b	45.2 ± 3.22^a^,^b
T2DM + MET + BIC	15.5 ± 1.14^a^,^b		80.8 ± 9.15^a^,^b	10.5 ± 1.53^a^,^b	44.8 ± 4.41^a^,^b
T2DM + MET + WAT	26.4 ± 1.43^a^,^c^,^d		121.8 ± 8.29^a^,^c^,^d	21.4 ± 1.44^a^,^c^,^d	13.2 ± 5.23^a^,^c^,^d
T2DM + BIC	25.9 ± 1.21^a^,^c^,^d		122.2 ± 7.74^a^,^c^,^d	19.2 ± 1.52^a^,^c^,^d	13.2 ± 3.42^a^,^c^,^d
T2DM + WAT	25.8 ± 1.21^a^,^c^,^d		121.6 ± 8.73^a^,^c^,^d	19.1 ± 1.41^a^,^c^,^d	13.6 ± 4.29^a^,^c^,^d

All values are mean ± SEM (n = 6).

p < 0.05 compared to control,

p < 0.05 compared to T2DM,

p < 0.05 compared to T2DM + MET and

p < 0.05 compared to T2DM + MET + BIC (one-way ANOVA followed by Student–Newman–Keuls test).