Table 2. Similarities and differences in approach to traditional TF-CBT methods.

Stage of treatment	Similarities	Differences
Walking through the narrative	Stabilizing client using grounding to manage anxiety	Greater focus on multiple sensory grounding for highly dissociative clients, e.g. movement, air temperature, textures, noise
	‘In vivo’ exposure to the trauma memory	Greater focus on developing a 3D spatial plan of the image that the client can walk around
Manipulating the perspectives	Challenging cognitions and developing alternative cognitions	Considers the trauma image from multiple viewpoints to readjust the spatial relationships between objects
		Develops the contextual factors to create a dynamic memory rather than fragmented image
Restructuring the narrative	Cognitive restructuring and updating of the memory	None