Fig. 1.

Effects of hindsiipropane B on HIV-1 Tat-induced chemokine expression in astrocytes. (A) The chemical structure of hindsiipropane B. (B, C) Effects of hindsiipropane B on HIV-1 Tat-mediated expression of CCL2, CXCL8, and CXCL10. CRT-MG cells were pretreated with hindsiipropane B for 1 h and then exposed to 50 nM HIV-1 Tat for 3 h (for mRNA expression) or 24 h (for protein expression). Total RNA was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR (B). Culture media of cells were collected and assayed for CCL2, CXCL8, and CXCL10 by ELISA (C). Data are shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001, ^^P < 0.01, and ^^^P < 0.001, as compared to the cells treated with HIV-1 Tat alone. HB, hindsiipropane B.