Table 3. Balance of baseline characteristics across trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin groups following propensity score matching for patients with renal impairment.
| eGFR 45–60 mL/minute/1.73 m2 | Trimethoprim | Nitrofurantoin | Standardised mean difference |
| N | 15,711 | 5,237 | |
| Men | 3,421 (21.8) | 1,120 (21.4) | 0.01 |
| Mean (SD) age | 78.9 (8.3) | 78.8 (8.2) | −0.02 |
| Index of multiple deprivation decile | |||
| 1 or 2 (least deprived) 3 or 4 5 or 6 7 or 8 9 or 10 (most deprived) |
3,746 (23.8) 3,807 (24.2) 3,488 (22.2) 2,711 (17.3) 1,959 (12.5) |
1,305 (24.9) 1,257 (24.0) 1,088 (20.8) 867 (16.6) 720 (13.7) |
0.00 |
| Housebound | 637 (4.1) | 206 (3.9) | −0.01 |
| Respiratory disease | 3,173 (20.2) | 1,115 (21.3) | 0.00 |
| Cardiac failure | 952 (6.1) | 317 (6.1) | 0.00 |
| Dementia | 1,111 (7.1) | 361 (6.9) | −0.01 |
| Cancer | 2,389 (15.2) | 853 (16.3) | 0.03 |
| Stroke | 1,768 (11.3) | 611 (11.7) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes | 2,890 (18.4) | 956 (18.3) | 0.00 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 3,244 (20.6) | 1,098 (21) | 0.01 |
| Urinary catheter | 406 (2.6) | 176 (3.4) | 0.00 |
| Urinary incontinence | 2,337 (14.9) | 883 (16.9) | 0.05 |
| Polypharmacy | 6,497 (41.4) | 2,262 (43.2) | 0.04 |
| Potassium-sparing diuretic | 551 (3.5) | 197 (3.8) | 0.01 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 4,364 (27.8) | 1,437 (27.4) | −0.01 |
| Angiotensin-II receptor antagonist | 2,294 (14.6) | 786 (15) | 0.01 |
| Charlson score | |||
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 ≥6 |
3,802 (24.2) 2,426 (15.4) 3,669 (23.4) 2,632 (16.8) 1,561 (9.9) 891 (5.7) 730 (4.6) |
1,212 (23.1) 814 (15.5) 1,256 (24) 904 (17.3) 490 (9.4) 313 (6.0) 248 (4.7) |
0.02 |
| eGFR 30–44 mL/minute/1.73 m2 | Trimethoprim | Nitrofurantoin | Standardised mean difference |
| N | 5,445 | 1,815 | |
| Men | 1,201 (22.1) | 414 (22.8) | −0.02 |
| Mean (SD) age | 82.3 (7.9) | 82.2 (8.0) | −0.01 |
| Index of multiple deprivation decile | |||
| 1 or 2 (least deprived) 3 or 4 5 or 6 7 or 8 9 or 10 (most deprived) |
1,162 (21.3) 1,219 (22.4) 1,229 (22.6) 986 (18.1) 849 (15.6) |
360 (19.8) 466 (25.7) 394 (21.7) 301 (16.6) 294 (16.2) |
0.00 |
| Housebound | 475 (8.7) | 167 (9.2) | 0.02 |
| Respiratory disease | 1,148 (21.1) | 384 (21.2) | 0.00 |
| Cardiac failure | 657 (12.1) | 226 (12.5) | 0.01 |
| Dementia | 605 (11.1) | 201 (11.1) | 0.00 |
| Cancer | 924 (17) | 314 (17.3) | 0.01 |
| Stroke | 880 (16.2) | 304 (16.7) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes | 1,493 (27.4) | 527 (29) | 0.04 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 1,517 (27.9) | 503 (27.7) | 0.00 |
| Urinary catheter | 240 (4.4) | 112 (6.2) | 0.07 |
| Urinary incontinence | 882 (16.2) | 302 (16.6) | 0.01 |
| Polypharmacy | 3,302 (60.6) | 1,117 (61.5) | 0.02 |
| Potassium-sparing diuretic | 391 (7.2) | 137 (7.5) | 0.01 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 1,758 (32.3) | 593 (32.7) | 0.01 |
| Angiotensin-II receptor antagonist | 941 (17.3) | 307 (16.9) | −0.01 |
| Charlson score | |||
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 ≥6 |
441 (8.1) 441 (8.1) 1,283 (23.6) 1,237 (22.7) 894 (16.4) 550 (10.1) 599 (11.0) |
147 (8.1) 144 (7.9) 442 (24.4) 381 (21.0) 273 (15.0) 213 (11.7) 215 (11.8) |
0.02 |
| eGFR <30 mL/minute/1.73 m2 | Trimethoprim | Nitrofurantoin | Standardised mean difference |
| N | 1,296 | 432 | |
| Men | 339 (26.2) | 113 (26.2) | 0.00 |
| Mean (SD) age | 83.4 (8.2) | 83.4 (8.0) | 0.00 |
| Index of multiple deprivation decile | |||
| 1 or 2 (least deprived) 3 or 4 5 or 6 7 or 8 9 or 10 (most deprived) |
281 (21.7) 297 (22.9) 286 (22.1) 231 (17.8) 201 (15.5) |
93 (21.5) 95 (22.0) 100 (23.1) 79 (18.3) 65 (15.0) |
0.02 |
| Housebound | 131 (10.1) | 42 (9.7) | −0.01 |
| Respiratory disease | 250 (19.3) | 86 (19.9) | 0.02 |
| Cardiac failure | 224 (17.3) | 71 (16.4) | −0.02 |
| Dementia | 132 (10.2) | 42 (9.7) | −0.02 |
| Cancer | 229 (17.7) | 74 (17.1) | −0.01 |
| Stroke | 215 (16.6) | 71 (16.4) | 0.00 |
| Diabetes | 451 (34.8) | 155 (35.9) | 0.02 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 406 (31.3) | 132 (30.6) | −0.02 |
| Urinary catheter | 93 (7.2) | 29 (6.7) | −0.02 |
| Urinary incontinence | 193 (14.9) | 63 (14.6) | −0.01 |
| Polypharmacy | 877 (67.7) | 294 (68.1) | 0.01 |
| Potassium-sparing diuretic | 76 (5.9) | 23 (5.3) | −0.02 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 340 (26.2) | 112 (25.9) | −0.01 |
| Angiotensin-II receptor antagonist | 220 (17.0) | 79 (18.3) | 0.03 |
| Charlson score | |||
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 ≥6 |
51 (3.9) 57 (4.4) 291 (22.5) 276 (21.3) 229 (17.7) 179 (13.8) 213 (16.4) |
21 (4.9) 21 (4.9) 92 (21.3) 93 (21.5) 79 (18.3) 56 (13.0) 70 (16.2) |
−0.03 |
Numbers are values (%) unless otherwise stated.
Abbreviation: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.