Table 3.
Mean biomarkers and clinical values by categories of occupational physical activity
| Men | Women | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| Dependent variables | Low | Moderate | High | p1 | p2 | Low | Moderate | High | p1 | p2 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean | 28.9 | 28.1 | 28.3 | 0.005 | 0.003 | 28.4 | 28.7 | 28.2 | 0.687 | 0.930 |
| Mean adjusted diff. | Ref. | −0.80 | −0.58 | 0.012 | 0.120 | Ref. | 0.18 | −0.10 | 0.658 | 0.839 |
| SBP (mmHg), mean | 129.7 | 128.1 | 128.7 | 0.581 | 0.407 | 122.1 | 122.6 | 123.0 | 0.951 | 0.352 |
| Mean adjusted diff. | Ref. | −1.23 | 0.43 | 0.224 | 0.698 | Ref. | 0.30 | 1.71 | 0.781 | 0.192 |
| DBP(mmHg), mean | 85.0 | 84.7 | 84.3 | 0.554 | 0.650 | 79.6 | 80.3 | 80.9 | 0.197 | 0.044 |
| Mean adjusted diff. | Ref. | 0.44 | 0.20 | 0.522 | 0.781 | Ref. | 1.06 | 1.33 | 0.089 | 0.093 |
| Glucose (mg/dL), mean | 100.2 | 97.0 | 98.5 | 0.108 | 0.977 | 92.7 | 92.9 | 91.7 | 0.685 | 0.016 |
| Mean adjusted diff. | Ref. | −2.01 | −1.53 | 0.179 | 0.348 | Ref. | 0.70 | −0.20 | 0.619 | 0.910 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL), mean | 203.8 | 203.4 | 204.0 | 0.713 | 0.795 | 202.2 | 203.5 | 201.5 | 0.665 | 0.821 |
| Mean adjusted diff. | Ref. | 1.15 | 2.35 | 0.672 | 0.426 | Ref. | −0.36 | −1.07 | 0.898 | 0.732 |
| LDL (mg/dL), meana | 128.1 | 129.4 | 130.5 | 0.886 | 0.874 | 126.7 | 127.0 | 126.5 | 0.796 | 0.916 |
| Mean adjusted diff. | Ref. | 1.98 | 4.69 | 0.387 | 0.069 | Ref. | −1.51 | −0.84 | 0.513 | 0.751 |
| HDL(mg/dL), mean | 41.2 | 43.3 | 43.8 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 49.0 | 49.4 | 51.7 | 0.864 | 0.022 |
| Mean adjusted diff. | Ref. | 1.89 | 2.24 | 0.012 | 0.004 | Ref. | −0.55 | 2.85 | 0.539 | 0.006 |
| TC/HDL ratio, mean | 5.2 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 0.189 | 0.026 |
| Mean adjusted diff. | Ref. | −0.15 | −0.21 | 0.097 | 0.015 | Ref. | 0.07 | −0.27 | 0.403 | 0.001 |
| LDL/HDL ratio, mean | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 0.184 | 0.049 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 0.689 | 0.031 |
| Mean adjusted diff. | Ref. | −0.51 | −0.21 | 0.411 | 0.751 | Ref. | −0.01 | −0.18 | 0.826 | 0.003 |
| Triglycerides(mg/dL), mean | 190.0 | 166.9 | 166.2 | 0.026 | 0.001 | 130.0 | 137.4 | 122.2 | 0.831 | 0.132 |
| Mean adjusted diff. | Ref. | −14.91 | −24.59 | 0.106 | 0.006 | Ref. | 9.44 | −11.58 | 0.260 | 0.086 |
| Apo A(mg/L), meanb | 106.4 | 115.7 | 109.4 | 0.047 | 0.360 | 125.5 | 125.1 | 132.4 | 0.685 | 0.099 |
| Mean adjusted diff. | Ref. | 8.97 | 2.47 | 0.108 | 0.405 | Ref. | −0.40 | 7.57 | 0.919 | 0.088 |
| Apo B(mg/L), meanb | 91.2 | 85.0 | 90.0 | 0.132 | 0.928 | 81.2 | 84.6 | 86.8 | 0.262 | 0.369 |
| Mean adjusted diff. | Ref. | −4.73 | −0.77 | 0.196 | 0.854 | Ref. | 2.48 | 4.45 | 0.474 | 0.337 |
| Hs-CRP(mg/L), meanb | 3.4 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 0.658 | 0.249 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 0.937 | 0.376 |
| Mean adjusted diff. | Ref. | −0.59 | 0.47 | 0.492 | 0.627 | Ref. | 0.22 | −1.21 | 0.766 | 0.069 |
BMI: Body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein. a: calculated for participants who fasted > 9 hr and triglyceride concentrations ≤400 mg/dL according to Friedwald’s equation. b: Assessed in 539 participants. Robust multivariable linear models showing the mean adjusted difference (β coefficients) of the outcome variables. All models adjusted for age; educational level; overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) or obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2); current smoking; alcohol consumption; DASH diet score; treatment for diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidemia, active transportation (≥600 METs/min/week) and leisure time physical activity (≥600 METs/min/week). BMI additionally adjusted for total daily energy intake in both men and women. p1: t-test comparing moderate vs. low occupational PA. p2: t-test comparing high vs. low occupational PA.