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. 2018 Sep 10;8:13545. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31787-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Lunasin neuroprotective function is independent of retinal differentiation gene machinery, Dpp and Wg signaling pathways. (A–C) Wild-type expression of (A) Eyeless (Ey), (B) Eyes absent (Eya) and (C) Dachshund (Dac), the members of RD gene machinery in developing third instar eye imaginal discs. (A) Ey expression is anterior to MF in the third instar eye discs. (B) Eya is expressed in the differentiating photoreceptors and anterior to MF. (C) Dac is expressed along the MF as well as in antennal region. (D) Ey, (E) Eya and (F) Dac expression is not affected in the GMR > Aβ42 + Lun background. (G–I) In the developing eye imaginal discs, study of dpp expression using dpp-lacZ reporter in the (G) Wild-type, (H) GMR > Aβ42, (I) GMR > Aβ42 + Lun. Note that dpp-lacZ marks the morphogenetic furrow (MF) in the developing eye. (J–L) In the developing eye imaginal discs, study of Wg expression using a wg-lacZ reporter in the (J) Wild-type, (K) GMR > Aβ42, (L) GMR > Aβ42 + Lun. The wg is expressed on the antero-lateral margin of the developing third instar eye imaginal discs. Note that the Lun neuroprotection function is independent of Wg and Dpp signaling. Magnification of all eye discs is 20X.