Fig. 4.

HRD1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for liver metabolic regulators. a HRD1-binding protein levels in the liver of WT and HRD1^Alb mice under the refed condition. b Ubiquitination of HRD1 substrates after co-transfection with HRD1 in 293T cells. c Ubiquitination of HRD1 substrates in the liver of WT and HRD1^Alb mice under the refed condition. d Immunoblots of hepatic AMPK and AMPK targets in the WT and HRD1^Alb mice under the refed condition. e Immunoblots of hepatic p-Akt, Akt, p-S6K, S6K, p-Foxo1, and Foxo1 levels in the WT and HRD1^Alb mice under the refed condition. Data are representative of three independent experiments (mean ± s.d.). *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01 by unpaired Student’s t test