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. 2018 Sep 10;8:13508. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32008-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Hypercapnia induces transcriptional changes in NHBE cells. Global gene expression was assessed in ALI-differentiated NHBE cells after exposure to 5% CO₂ (normocapnia) or 20% CO₂ (hypercapnia) for 24 h. (a) Pie chart indicating proportion of genes downregulated or upregulated by hypercapnia. (b) Volcano plot showing statistical significance (−log₁₀ [P value]) plotted against log₂ fold change for hypercapnia vs normocapnia. Plot indicates significantly upregulated genes (log₂ [fold change]≥+0.5, adjusted P value ≤ 0.05) in red and downregulated genes (log₂ [fold change]≤−0.5, adjusted P value ≤ 0.05) in blue. (c) Bars represent the top 10 GO biological processes downregulated (blue) and upregulated (red) by high CO₂.