Table 1.
Demographic, lifestyles, and medical history of the participants with cognitive normal, MCI, and dementia.
| All (n = 3,327) | Cognitive normal (n = 2,640) | MCI (n = 585) | Dementia (n = 102) | P-Value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 70.1 ± 7.2 | 69.2 ± 6.9 | 73.1 ± 7.3 | 77.4 ± 6.0 | < 0.0001 |
| Education, years, mean ± SD | 11.7 ± 4.2 | 12.2 ± 3.8 | 9.9 ± 4.8 | 8.0 ± 6.0 | < 0.0001 |
| MMSE, scores, mean ± SD | 27.9 ± 2.8 | 28.6 ± 1.7 | 26.5 ± 2.9 | 17.5 ± 4.8 | < 0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 24.4 ± 3.6 | 24.3 ± 3.4 | 24.6 ± 4.2 | 23.9 ± 3.9 | 0.1635 |
| Sex, males, n (%) | 1519 (45.7) | 1216 (46.1) | 261 (44.6) | 42 (41.2) | 0.2815 |
| Cigarette smoking, n (%) | 359 (10.8) | 280 (10.6) | 71 (12.2) | 8 (7.8) | 0.8389 |
| Alcohol drinking, n (%) | 261 (7.9) | 219 (8.4) | 40 (6.9) | 2 (2.0) | 0.0193 |
| Anxiety, n (%) | 74 (2.2) | 51 (1.9) | 18 (3.1) | 5 (5.0) | 0.0118 |
| Depression, n (%) | 564 (17.0) | 408 (15.5) | 126 (21.7) | 30 (29.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 407 (12.3) | 289 (11.0) | 97 (16.6) | 21 (20.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 459 (13.8) | 338 (12.8) | 104 (17.8) | 17 (16.7) | 0.0028 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 413 (12.4) | 272 (10.3) | 102 (17.5) | 39 (38.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Living alone, n (%) | 287 (8.6) | 219 (8.3) | 63 (10.8) | 5 (4.9) | 0.5353 |
| APOE-ε4 allele positive, n (%) | 564 (18.1) | 437 (17.5) | 106 (19.9) | 21 (25.0) | 0.0403 |
SD, standard deviation; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; BMI, body mass index; APOE, Apolipoprotein.
*
P-Value is for the comparison among three groups of participants with cognitive normal, MCI, and dementia.