Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Group I SaO2 ≤ 92% (n = 42) | Group II SaO2 > 92% (n = 43) | Logistic Regression | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||||
| O2 saturation, % | 85.24 ± 7.12 | 96.38 ± 1.91 | |||
| Age, years | 76.06 ± 15.67 | 62.4 ± 22.25 | |||
| Sex, male, n (%) | 24 (57.2) | 17 (39.5) | |||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | p-value | ||||
| Hypertension | 35 (83) | 24 (55.8) | 0.240 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 20 (47) | 7 (16.3) | 0.008* | ||
| Current smoking | 3 (7.1) | 6 (13.9) | 0.223 | ||
| Current alcoholism | 3 (7.1) | 2 (4.7) | 0.735 | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 7 (16.7) | 6 (13.9) | 0.925 | ||
| CVD | 18 (42.9) | 11 (25.5) | 0.222 | ||
| COPD | 12 (28.5) | 5 (11.6) | 0.102 | ||
| APACHE II | 20.92 ± 6.67 | 13.33 ± 5.24 | <0.001* | ||
| q-SOFA, n (%) | <0.001* | ||||
| 0 | 1 (2.4) | 4 (9.3) | |||
| 1 | 6 (14.3) | 21 (48.8) | |||
| 2 | 28 (66.7) | 18 (41.9) | |||
| 3 | 15 (35.7) | 2 (4.7) | |||
| Glasgow | 12.5 ± 2.46 | 14.4 ± 1 | <0.001* | ||
| Temperature, °C | 37.97 ± 1.53 | 37.57 ± 1.54 | 0.210 | ||
| Glucose, mg/dL | 176.36 ± 145.55 | 139.27 ± 61.44 | 0.104 | ||
| MBP, mm Hg | 70.24 ± 19.26 | 64.87 ± 13.25 | 0.121 | ||
| SBP, mm Hg | 105.7 ± 30.16 | 94.1 ± 18.87 | 0.026* | ||
| Heart rate, bpm | 102.64 ± 22.73 | 102.22 ± 25.13 | 0.932 | ||
| Respiratory rate, brpm | 28.12 ± 5.11 | 21.87 ± 4.25 | <0.001* | 669 (0.579, 0.837) | 0.000 |
| Hemoglobin, units | 12.26 ± 2.68 | 13.33 ± 2.24 | 0.039* | ||
| Hematocrit, % | 37.91 ± 9.11 | 40.40 ± 6.2 | 0.127 | ||
| Lactate, nmol/L | 3.54 ± 3.88 | 3.48 ± 2.63 | 0.930 | ||
| LDH, UI/L | 146.79 ± 188.81 | 218.62 ± 205.25 | 0.215 | ||
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 2.05 ± 1.51 | 1.49 ± 0.76 | 0.022* | 0.487 (0.265, 0.897) | 0.021 |
| CRP, mg/L | 171.34 ± 113.88 | 162.77 ± 114.62 | 0.128 | ||
| GOT | 205.96 ± 648.01 | 83.91 ± 173.04 | 0.209 | ||
| GTP | 128.1 ± 337.22 | 95.38 ± 239.97 | 0.592 | ||
| Bilirubin | 2.11 ± 7.05 | 1.88 ± 2.47 | 0.829 | ||
| HCO3, mEq/L | 22.29 ± 6.98 | 22.64 ± 3.97 | 0.758 | ||
| Na, mEq/L | 139.48 ± 9.02 | 134.68 ± 3.7 | 0.001* | 0.802 (0.661, 0.973) | 0.026 |
| K, mEq/L | 4.3 ± 1.02 | 3.9 ± 0.58 | 0.020* | ||
| pH | 7.38 ± 0.15 | 7.39 ± 0.07 | 0.610 | ||
| INR | 1.626 ± 1.23 | 1.44 ± 1.14 | 0.450 | ||
| Length of stay, days | 9.92 ± 8 | 12.56 ± 13.747 | 0.256 | ||
| Immune System | |||||
| sPDL1 | 8.32 ± 3.20 | 5.08 ± 2.36 | 0.0033* | 0.622 (0.461, 0.839) | 0.002 |
| mPDL1 (%) | 15.84 ± 11.69 | 6.88 ± 6.77 | 0.0005* | ||
| Type of sepsis | 0.470 | ||||
| Severe sepsis | 28 (66.7%) | 30 (69.8%) | |||
| Septic shock | 14 (33.3%) | 13 (30.2%) | |||
Data are presented as mean ± SD, or number (%). T-test with previous Levene test or chi-squared test of ≤ 92% vs. >92% subgroups where appropriate. Statistically significant p-values (p < 0.05) using Student's t-test and logistic regression model analysis are in bold. OR, odds ratio; CVD, cardiovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; qSOFA, quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; MBP, mean blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; bpm, beats per minute; brpm, breaths per minute; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CRP, C-reactive protein; INR, international normalized ratio.