Table 1.

Recommendations for Developing a Male-Focused Adaptation of NDPP by Target Population and Male Community Leaders.

Potential adaptation(s) to NDPP	Target Population Focus group(s) recommendation	Male community leader recommendation	How was it implemented?
Considerations on how to motivate men to participate in an intensive intervention program?	● Time and costs would be major issues in participating ● Participants would want ample time for group discussions	● Use role models and persons of authority to send messages, particularly for seniors ● Might need different strategies for different age groups ● Recognize the cost/benefit of attendance ● Recognize the need to provide appropriate incentives ● Concept of distrust should be approached—Tuskegee study was brought up	● Provided incentive of 6-month parks membership ● Provided $15 for completing baseline and follow-up surveys ● Coaches were role-models for participants: either through modeling weight loss efforts or professional expertise in health education or fitness training ● Coaches were Black and/or Latino, which might have fostered trust among participants
How would men feel about male-only aspects of the program?	● Men had mixed feelings about women in the group. Some felt they would not be able to openly discuss some issues with women. Others felt it didn’t matter	● Concept of masculinity—need to define and discuss ● Discuss sexual dysfunction and the way diabetes impacts relationships and quality of life. This is a serious issue for men of color ● Consider difficulties that men have in admitting health issues due to societal expectations that discourage weakness	● Recruited only male participants ● Trained and used only male lifestyle coaches ● Statistics on erectile dysfunction and diabetes incorporated in “quick facts” section
What are some strategies and ideas to help men be engaged in the intervention program?	● Use workouts to make it fun. One hour of workouts, one hr for class ● Use a weight loss challenge as a strategy ● Location could be gym, churches, community-based organizations, clinic, lunch hour at a worksite	● Incorporate concepts (e.g., sports) that resonate with men (competition and teamwork). Also men relate to sports statistics and rankings. Sports is a team effort, common, and a way to keep people connected ● Offer food so they will be comfortable during the meeting	● Intervention sessions conducted within park and recreations sites that were accessible to participants’ neighborhood and had exercise resources that could help men adhere to physical activity component of the program ● Revised curriculum to incorporate photos, examples, and quotes that would appeal to men ● Provided small incentives throughout to increase motivation, including t-shirts, water bottle, pedometer
Considerations on how to recruit men?	● Advertise in gyms, hospitals, Craigslist, barber shops, supermarkets, Village Voice, TV, radio, newspaper train stops	● Community engagement is necessary. Partner with stakeholders such as block associations that can galvanize support	● Advertised in community newspapers, Craigslist, and Facebook ● Distributed flyers to community organizations and businesses ● Partnered with some health clinics to send letter to patients with prediabetes ● Partnered with the NYC Housing Authority to mail flyers to public housing near recreation centers

Note. NDPP = National Diabetes Prevention Program.