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. 2018 Sep 4;9:2015. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02015

Figure 1.

Figure 1

TMZ improved LPS- and CLP-induced myocardial dysfunction and increased neutrophil migration to heart tissue. (A) Schematic drawing of experimental schedule for the endotoxemia mice study (n = 8 mice per group). Mice were first injected with LPS (15 mg/kg) in 100 μl of sterile saline by i.p. Then TMZ (20 mg/kg) was administrated by i.g. every 6 h for three times at 6 h after LPS injection. 24 h after injection with LPS or saline, cardiac function of the mice was assessed by echocardiography and Millar catheter. (B) Schematic drawing of experimental schedule for the septic mice study (n = 10 mice per group). Mice were treated with TMZ (20 mg/kg/day) for 7 consecutive days post CLP or sham operations, 1 and 7 days post CLP, cardiac function of mice was assessed by echocardiography; (C–E) Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) and left ventricular diameters were measured by two-dimensional echocardiography. (F–I) Heart rate, Pmax, dp/dtmax, and dp/dtmin were assessed by cardiac catheterization. (J) Survival rates of wild-type (WT) (n = 10 per group) undergoing severe sepsis (cecal ligation and puncture [CLP] operation). (K) LVEF and LVFS in CLP model were measured by two-dimensional echocardiography. (L) Representative histological cardiac tissues stained with H&E, Ly6G, and MPO as the indicated groups at 24 h after LPS injection. (M) Quantification of Ly6G positive cells in 1 mm2 after LPS stimulation; (N) Quantification of MPO positive cells in 1 mm2. (O) Representative images of heart tissues immunostained with Ly6G on day 1 post CLP. Scale bar: 50 μm. (P) Quantification of Ly6G positive cells in 1 mm2 post CLP. (Q) MPO activity assay in heart tissues was performed at 24 h after LPS injection. Data is presented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 vs. Con group in LPS-induced model or Sham group in CLP-induced model; #P < 0.05 vs. LPS-treated group or CLP-induced group. LVAW;d, left ventricular anterior wall in diastole; LVAW;s, left ventricular anterior in systole; LVID;d, left ventricular internal diameter in diastole; LVID;s, left ventricular internal diameter in diastole; Pmax, peak systolic pressure.