Table 3.
Clinical Characteristics of the population by BUN, median (IQR), or N (%), or means ± SD.
| Variable | Low BUN group (n = 361) | High BUN group (n = 291) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, yrs | 72.7 ± 7.7 | 75.3 ± 7.7 | <0.001 |
| male | 137 (38.0) | 158 (54.3) | <0.001 |
| Medical history | |||
| Ischemia cardiomyopathy | 171 (47.4) | 139 (47.8) | 0.919 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 85 (23.5) | 73 (25.1) | 0.648 |
| Hypertension | 229 (63.4) | 155 (53.3) | 0.009 |
| Current smoking | 99 (27.4) | 78 (26.8) | 0.860 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 47 (13.0) | 44 (15.1) | 0.442 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 11 (3.0) | 19 (6.5) | 0.035 |
| Valvular disease | 24 (6.6) | 19 (6.5) | 0.951 |
| Clinical Presentation | |||
| NYHA class | <0.001 | ||
| III | 120 (33.2) | 49 (16.9) | |
| IV | 241 (66.8) | 242 (83.1) | |
| SBP on admission, mm Hg | 141.2 ± 25.5 | 135.2 ± 26.0 | 0.003 |
| DBP on admission, mm Hg | 82.5 ± 13.9 | 79.3 ± 15.3 | 0.006 |
| Heart rate on admission, bpm | 83.0 ± 21.4 | 86.0 ± 22.5 | 0.090 |
| Laboratory results on admission | |||
| Leukocyte count (×109/L) | 7.11 ± 2.59 | 7.51 ± 3.07 | 0.148 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 126.0 ± 18.7 | 120.0 ± 23.8 | 0.001 |
| Albumin, g/L | 38.1 ± 4.2 | 36.1 ± 4.1 | <0.001 |
| SGOT, U/L | 18 (12, 30) | 18 (12, 33) | 0.790 |
| SGPT, U/L | 21 (16, 37) | 24 (16, 43) | 0.058 |
| Creatinine, umol/L | 76 (66, 90) | 101 (82, 131) | <0.001 |
| Uric acid, umol/L | 308 (237, 398) | 405 (295, 507) | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.54 ± 1.12 | 4.09 ± 1.26 | <0.001 |
| Low density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 2.73 ± 0.96 | 2.37 ± 0.89 | <0.001 |
| High density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 1.20 ± 0.41 | 1.10 ± 0.41 | 0.002 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.48 ± 1.11 | 1.24 ± 0.91 | 0.003 |
| fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | 6.33 ± 1.95 | 6.28 ± 2.02 | 0.741 |
| serum potassium, mmol/L | 3.95 ± 0.45 | 4.26 ± 0.65 | <0.001 |
| serum sodium, mmol/L | 140.2 ± 3.9 | 138.3 ± 4.9 | <0.001 |
| Troponin-I, ng/mL | 0.04 (0.01, 0.71) | 0.06 (0.02, 0.98) | 0.897 |
| BNP, ng/L | 732 (290, 1455) | 1168 (506, 2319) | <0.001 |
| Ejection fraction on admission% | 53.3 ± 12.1 | 47.7 ± 13.1 | <0.001 |
| Medical treatment at discharge | |||
| ACEI/ARB | 288 (79.8) | 225 (77.3) | 0.312 |
| Beta-blockers | 247 (68.4) | 155 (53.3) | <0.001 |
| Spironolactone | 242 (67.0) | 163 (56.0) | 0.004 |
| Clinical Outcome | |||
| all-cause mortality,% | 99 (27.4) | 135 (46.4) | <0.001 |
NYHA, New York Heart Association; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; bpm, beats per minute; SGOT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; SGPT, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; ACEI/ARB, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/Angiotensin receptor blockers.