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. 2018 Sep 10;8:13528. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31932-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a,b) Photographs and (c,d) relative turbidity changes of the Nd₂O₃ plate gels (a and c) and Yb₂O₃ plate gels (b and d) in water at 28 °C under intermittent irradiation with 808 and 980 nm light at 3 W cm⁻². The dimensions of the plate gels are 5 mm × 5 mm with a thickness of about 1 mm. The turbidity changes were measured with 532 nm laser light at 1 mW. The arrows indicate the centres of the irradiation spots.