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. 2018 Aug 8;4:33. doi: 10.21037/mhealth.2018.07.01

Table 1. Coding manual.

Messages (thin ideal messages) Criteria Number (prevalence)
Losing fat or weight Messages (written or photo) that reference losing weight (e.g., “before and after” photos) 73 (11.8)
Thin praise Content implying positivity related to thinness 24 (3.9)
Harmful body messages Any written or image-based posts that depicts harm being done in attempts to lose weight or maintain a certain body shape 44 (7.1)
Body shaming messages Any content shaping individuals or particular body types based on appearance 35 (5.7)
Objectifying messages Message implying that bodies are observable objects 25 (4.1)
Fat/weight stigmatization Negative messages regarding fat, overweight, or gaining weight 8 (1.3)
Harming eating messages Any written or image-based post that encourages harmful restriction, overconsumption or purging of food 33 (5.3)
Dieting/restrain messages Content about dieting or food restriction or food portioning to lose weight 96 (15.6)
Food guilt messages Guilt or negative connotations in regard to food 13 (2.1)
Food substitutions Substitution of foods for health or restraint 35 (5.7)
Discussion of general health topics Content on any health-related topic or aspect of health and wellness 25 (4.1)
Frustration/lack of motivation Discussion of frustrating experience and feelings of quitting/difficulty starting; boredom 20 (3.2)
Motivating messages Positive messages without disguised motivation 28 (4.5)
Body fixation Discussion of specific body part 35 (5.7)
Seeking motivation Looking for motivation/support from peers 31 (5.0)
Exercise Program exercise or general 40 (6.5)
Positive body messages Body messages not focused on appearance or weight with a positive message 17 (2.8)