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. 2018 Sep 4;6:109. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00109

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

The proposed “two-hit” model in autophagy-mediated NETosis. Initially, various stimuli derived from the inflammatory microenvironment stimulate the production of disease-related proteins in naïve neutrophils (first-hit). Subsequently, triggering of autophagy (second-hit) leads to NET formation and the extracellular release of proteins via NET scaffold, contributing to antimicrobial capacity or inflammatory potential of the cell.