FIGURE 2.
The proposed “two-hit” model in autophagy-mediated NETosis. Initially, various stimuli derived from the inflammatory microenvironment stimulate the production of disease-related proteins in naïve neutrophils (first-hit). Subsequently, triggering of autophagy (second-hit) leads to NET formation and the extracellular release of proteins via NET scaffold, contributing to antimicrobial capacity or inflammatory potential of the cell.