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. 2018 Sep 4;9:2101. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02101

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Copyright © 2018 Montón Silva, Otten, Biboy, Breukink, VanNieuwenhze, Vollmer and den Blaauwen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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LD-TPase-mediated formation of 3–3 cross-links in cells growing at acidic pH. (A) Muropeptide profiles of BW25113Δ6LDT cells containing either no plasmid, control plasmid pSAV057, or plasmid for expression of ldtD, ldtE, ldtF, ldtE and ldtF, or ldtD and ldtF, grown in the presence of 50 μM IPTG at pH 5.0. (B) Structures of major muropeptides numbered in the top chromatogram in panel A. LD-TPase products are muropeptides containing 3–3 cross-links (No. 4–6), tripeptides (peaks 1 and 5), and glycine at position 4 (Gly4, No. 2 and 4). G, N-acetylglucosamine; M(r), N-acetylmuramitol; L-Ala, L-alanine; D-Glu, D-glutamic acid; D-Ala, D-alanine; meso-DAP, meso-diaminopimelic acid. (C) Relative amount (%) of muropeptides with 3–3 cross-links.