Table 3.

Effects of PrEP on condom use.

Study name	Outcome	Description
RCTS: PrEP vs. NO PrEP
CDC safety study	CAS CASPU	CAS: no statistical difference between immediate vs. delayed arms during months 3–9 (p = 0.10) and no significant change when delayed group initiated study drug 0.42) CASPU: remained stable or decreased [2.02 at baseline vs. 1.51 during months 3–9 (p = 0.22) and 2.02 at baseline vs. 1.37 during months 12–24 (p = 0.05)]
iPrEx study	Percent of receptive anal partners with which condoms used	No significant treatment by visit interaction (p = 0.36) with 50.38% in TDF-FTC and 51.04% in placebo at baseline plus 73.98% in TDF-FTC and 83.64% in placebo at follow-up
Project PrEPare	CAS	No significant differences among the 3 treatment groups across visits; Insignificant trend from baseline to week 24 of decreasing condomless anal sex across all treatment arms.
Ipergay	CAS	No significant differences in the total number of episodes of sexual intercourse in the 4 weeks before visits (p = 0.07), in the proportion of episodes of CRAS (p = 0.40), or in the proportion of episodes of CAS during the most recent sexual intercourse (p = 0.90) across groups.
OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES: CHANGE DURING PrEP USE or COMPARISON BETWEEN PRE/POST PrEP
iPrEx OLE	CAS	Decreased from 34% (377/1115) to 25% (232/926) among PrEP recipients (p = 0.006), and from 27 (101/369) to 20% (61/304) among non-recipients (p = 0.03). Decreases in CRAS and CIAS were similar across groups (p = 0.95 and p = 0.56).
Ipergay OLE	CAS at the last sexual intercourse	CAS: significant increase from 77%(136/176) at baseline to 86%(66/76) at 18 months' follow-up (p = 0.004)
KPSF	Condom use	Condom use: unchange in 56% of PrEP users, decrease in 41% of PrEP users, and increase in 3% of PrEP users
NCT01632995	CAS	CAS:baseline:165/557(65.5%);remained stable (65.6%) during follow-up (p = 0.99)
PATH-PrEP	CAS	CAS: decreased over the first 24 weeks of study, and then were stable thereafter

CAS, condomless anal sex; CASPU, condomless anal sex with HIV positive/unknown status partner; CRAS, condomless receptive anal intercourse; CIAS, condomless insertive anal intercourse; PY, person-years.