FIGURE 8.

Assembly process of the human F-ATPase. (A) A possible assembly pathway of the peripheral stalk based on the data of Fujikawa et al. (2015) and He et al. (2018). (B) One of the possible assembly pathways of the complete enzyme. According to the branched model proposed by He et al. (2018) and Song et al. (2018), another possibility involves an initial b-d-F6-OSCP subcomplex that first joins F₁-c-ring after which subunits f, e, and g recruited. The model used in A,B corresponds to the yeast enzyme, PDB 6CP6 from He et al. (2018). The black horizontal lines indicate the mitochondrial inner membrane.