Table 1.

Potential mechanisms of several NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors in CNS diseases.

CNS disease	NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor	Potential mechanisms	Reference
Ischemic stroke	Minocycline	Preventing microglia activation; Inhibiting Step 1 and 2 activation	Lu et al., 2016
	Sinomenin	Activating AMPK signaling	Qiu et al., 2016
	Nafamostat mesilate	Inhibiting NF-κB signaling	Li et al., 2016
Hemorrhagic stroke	P2X7R inhibitor	Inhibiting P2X7R	Feng et al., 2015
	Necrostatin-1	Inhibiting RIP1-RIP3-DRP1 signaling	Zhou et al., 2017
	MicroRNA-223	Downregulating NLRP3 expression	Yang et al., 2015
Alzheimer’s disease	Edaravone	Reducing mitochondria-derived ROS production; increasing SOD-2 activity	Wang et al., 2017
	Depeptidyl vinyl sulfone	Decreasing microRNA-155 and microRNA-146a	Falcao et al., 2017
Parkinson’s disease	MicroRNA-30e	Downregulating NLRP3, ASC and procaspase-1 expression	Li et al., 2018a
	Tenuigenin	Downregulating ROS	Fan et al., 2017
Huntington’s disease	P2X7R inhibitor	Inhibiting P2X7R	Sperlagh and Illes, 2014
Multiple sclerosis/EAE	Interferon-β	Inducting STAT1 phosphorylation and IL-10 production	Inoue et al., 2012; Inoue and Shinohara, 2013b; Shao et al., 2015; Inoue et al., 2016
	DRα1-mouse(m)MOG-35-55	Targeting on the MIF/CD74 pathway	Benedek et al., 2015, 2017
	HU-308	Activating CB2R; Inducing autophagy process	Shao et al., 2014
	PNU282987	Activating α7nAChR; Downregulating NLRP3 and β-arrestin-1 interaction	Ke et al., 2017
Depression	Salvianolic acide B	Promoting autophagy process	Jiang et al., 2017
	Astragaloside IV	Activating the PPARγ/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis	Song et al., 2018
	Electro-acupuncture	Reversing the increase of P2X7R	Yue et al., 2018
Traumatic brain injury	MCC950	Suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome priming process	Ismael et al., 2018
	Resveratrol	Promoting SIR1 signaling	Zou et al., 2018
	NOX2 inhibitor	Inhibiting NOX2	Ma et al., 2017