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Hallmarks of altered electrophysiology of human atrial myocytes in AF. APs (A) and underlying ion currents (B–F) in normal sinus rhythm and chronic AF variants of a hA-CM model (Skibsbye et al., 2016). The cAF model variant accounts for increased/decreased ion current conductance INa (–18%), ICaL (–59%), Ito (–62%), IKur (–38%), IK1 (+62%), IKs (+170%), IK,Ca (–50%) and INCX (+50%), as summarized in Koivumäki et al. (2014b) and Skibsbye et al. (2016).
