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. 2018 Sep 4;9:1229. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01229

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 6

Effect of HEA on cell viability, fibrosis, and inflammation in the in vitro assay. (A,E) Cell viability was assessed with a MTT assay after NRK-49F and RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with 5, 10, and 20 μg/ml HEA for 24 h; 0 μg/ml HEA was used as the control group. NRK-49F and RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with HEA for 1 h and then stimulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β; 2.5 ng/ml) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 μg/ml) 24 h. After a 24 h incubation, the NRK-49F cells were analyzed by PCR for collagen I (B), α-SMA (C), and Fibronectin (D). RAW 264.7 cells were analyzed by ELISA for TNF-α (F), IL-1β (G), and IL-10 (H), respectively. The data are presented as the means ± SEM. ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01.