Table 4.
Comparison between hospital survivors and non-survivors
| Non-survivors N = 24 |
Survivors N = 23 |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical, biological and immunological characteristics, n (%) or median [IQR] | |||
| Age | 65 [59–70] | 55 [50–64] | 0.062 |
| Male | 9 (38) | 14 (61) | 0.19 |
| SOFA | 5 [2–8] | 5 [3–8] | 0.73 |
| SAPSII | 32 [28–53] | 41 [27–54] | 0.82 |
| Type of autoantibodies | |||
| Anti-MDA-5 | 16 (67) | 3 (13) | 0.001 |
| Anti-synthetase antibody | 8 (33) | 20 (87) | 0.001 |
| JO-1 | 3 (13) | 10 (44) | 0.04 |
| PL7 | 3 (13) | 6 (26) | 0.28 |
| PL12 | 1 (4) | 3 (13) | 0.35 |
| EJ | 1 (4) | 1 (4) | 1 |
| Delay first respiratory sign—ICU admission, days | 21 [10–43] | 20 [10–39] | 0.31 |
| Creatine kinase ≥ 2N | 3 (13) | 6 (29) | 0.27 |
| PaO2/FiO2 upon ICU admission | 126 [90–149] | 117 [82–147] | 0.65 |
| Chest X-ray and CT scan, n (%) | |||
| Number of quadrants on chest X-ray | |||
| 1 | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.74 |
| 2 | 13 (62) | 14 (74) | |
| 4 | 7 (33) | 5 (26) | |
| Ground-glass attenuation on chest CT scan | 22 (92) | 15 (65) | 0.04 |
| Alveolar consolidations on chest CT scan | 14 (58) | 21 (91) | 0.02 |
| Signs of lung fibrosis on chest CT scan | 9 (38) | 8 (35) | 1.00 |
| Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL), n (%) or median [IQR] | |||
| Total cell count (103/mL) | 250 [80–370] | 260 [189–293] | 0.36 |
| Lymphocytes percentage | 17 [5–31] | 7 [3–18] | 0.33 |
| Lymphocytes > 10% | 12 (55) | 9 (45) | 0.76 |
| Lymphocytes > 25% | 8 (36) | 4 (20) | 0.41 |
| Neutrophils percentage | 20 [10–52] | 49 [18–73] | 0.12 |
| Neutrophils > 40% | 8 (38) | 11 (55) | 0.44 |
| Neutrophils > 65% | 3 (14) | 7 (35) | 0.16 |
| Management in ICU, n (%) or median [IQR] | |||
| Immunosuppressive (IS) treatment | |||
| Delay ICU admission—IS treatment | 4 [3–12] | 6 [3–16] | 0.63 |
| Number of IS treatments | 3 [2, 3] | 2 [1, 2] | 0.002 |
| Corticosteroids | 24 (100) | 23 (100) | 1.00 |
| Cyclophosphamide | 20 (83) | 14 (61) | 0.16 |
| Rituximab | 6 (25) | 1 (4) | 0.10 |
| Basiliximab | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | 0.49 |
| Cyclosporine | 1 (4) | 1 (4) | 1.00 |
| Tacrolimus | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | 0.19 |
| Intravenous immunoglobulins | 7 (29) | 3 (13) | 0.29 |
| Plasma exchange | 6 (25) | 2 (9) | 0.25 |
| Tracheal intubation | 24 (100) | 19 (83) | 0.05 |
| ARDS | 23 (96) | 19 (83) | 0.19 |
| Severe (PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 100 mmHg) | 22 (96) | 14 (74) | 0.07 |
| Moderate (100 < PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 mmHg) | 1 (4) | 4 (21) | 0.16 |
| Mild (200 < PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 0.45 |
| Nitric oxide inhalation | 18 (78) | 5 (22) | < 0.001 |
| Veno-venous ECMO | 6 (25) | 2 (9) | 0.25 |
| Vasopressors | 21 (88) | 16 (70) | 0.17 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 5 (21) | 3 (13) | 0.70 |
ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, CI confidence interval, ECMO extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation, ICU intensive care unit, IQR inter-quartile range, IS immunosuppressive, OR odds ratio