Table 5.

Interrupted time series analysis of the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in defined daily doses per 100 bed days for intervention and control groups from 2013 to 2015

		Audit with feedback (Intervention wards)			Academic detailing (Intervention wards			Pulmonary medicine (Intervention wards)			Infectious diseases (Intervention wards)			Gastroenterology (Intervention ward)			Control (all specialties)
		Estimate	SE	p-value	Estimate	SE	p-value	Estimate	SE	p-value	Estimate	SE	p-value	Estimate	SE	p-value	Estimate	SE	p-value
DDD per 100 bed days	Const	70.288	5.854	0.000	103.078	8.415	0.000	84.736	5.056	0.000	60.371	7.407	0.000	27.605	1.592	0.000	87.691	5.387	0.000
	AR	−0.495	0.326	0.172	−0.247	0.370	0.525	−0.429	0.348	0.257	−0.239	0.372	0.542	−0.796	0.203	0.006	−0.512	0.323	0.157
Pre-slope		4.332	1.523	0.025	−2.903	2.181	0.225	−2.292	1.312	0.124	3.985	1.926	0.077	−0.075	0.411	0.861	1.002	1.404	0.498
Difference between pre- and post-slope		−6.789	2.028	0.012	2.920	2.985	0.360	−0.669	1.770	0.717	−5.753	2.615	0.064	2.472	0.545	0.003	−1.033	1.863	0.597
Level effect
3 months		−8.971	7.809	0.288	−3.162	11.053	0.783	8.314	6.686	0.254	−10.360	9.839	0.327	−11.157	2.082	0.001	1.407	7.191	0.850
6 months		−15.761	8.313	0.100	−0.242	11.823	0.984	7.646	7.131	0.319	−16.112	10.503	0.169	−8.685	2.220	0.006	0.374	7.672	0.962
12 months		−29.338	10.490	0.027	5.599	15.115	0.722	6.308	9.052	0.508	−27.617	13.357	0.077	−3.740	2.811	0.225	−1.691	9.694	0.866
18 months		−42.916	13.561	0.016	11.439	19.708	0.580	4.971	11.751	0.685	−39.122	17.355	0.059	1.205	3.640	0.750	−3.757	12.525	0.773

Broad-spectrum antibiotics were defined as penicillins with enzyme inhibitor, 2. and 3. generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and quionolones