Table 2.
Performances of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Healthy Control groups and intergroup effects’ sizes (Cohen’s d, Hedge’s G and Glass’ Δ for high variances values). Values are shown as mean and standard deviation. Effects’ sizes with significant T Student’s Test or Mann-Whitney Test (p < 0.05) are identified with *
| Multiple Sclerosis | Healthy Control | Cohen's D | Hedge's G | Glass' Δ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spatial Working Memory (SWM) | |||||
| Strategy (STG) | 38.28 ± 3.63 | 35.71 ± 6.95 | 0.487* | 0.494* | 0.388* |
| Total Errors (TE) | 49.11 ± 20.22 | 41.56 ± 23.55 | 0.325 | 0.327 | 0.296 |
| Rapid Visual Processing (RVP) | |||||
| A’ | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 0.88 ± 0.04 | 0.766* | 0.759* | 1.012* |
| Probability of Hit (PH) | 0.49 ± 0.16 | 0.57 ± 0.16 | 0.401 | 0.409 | 0.433 |
| Mean Latency (ML) | 567.67 ± 167.17 | 446.19 ± 72.97 | 1.115* | 1.099* | 1.790* |
| Paired Associate Learning (PAL) | |||||
| First Trial Memory Score (FTMS) | 11.8 ± 4.43 | 13.18 ± 3.02 | 4.623 | 0.396 | 0.517 |
| Mean Trials to Success (MTS) | 3.17 ± 1.68 | 2.07 ± 0.76 | 0.870* | 0.857* | 1.486* |
| Total Errors Adjusted (TEA) | 37.71 ± 35.62 | 17.84 ± 14.28 | 0.776* | 0.763* | 1.597* |
| Reaction Time (RTI) | |||||
| 5-Choice Accuracy Score (5CAS) | 14.71 ± 0.62 | 14.93 ± 0.24 | 0.483 | 0.475 | 0.932 |
| 5-Choice Movement Time (5CMT) | 675.92 ± 182.6 ms | 598.55 ± 131.31 ms | 0.655 | 0.649 | 0.862 |
| 5-Choice Reaction Time (5CRT) | 446.31 ± 94.19 ms | 403.93 ± 76.61 ms | 0.424 | 0.422 | 0.474 |
| Simple Accuracy Score (SAS) | 14.54 ± 0.95 | 14.81 ± 0.47 | 0.223* | 0.223* | 0.221* |
| Simple Movement Time (SMT) | 688.01 ± 198.74 ms | 663.33 ± 220.78 ms | 0.267 | 0.267 | 0.258 |
| Simple Reaction Time (SRT) | 425.19 ± 87.09 ms | 377.23 ± 76.04 ms | 0.657* | 0.654* | 0.699* |
| Delayed Matched to Sample (DMS) | |||||
| Total Correct (TC) | 16.31 ± 2.98 | 17.96 ± 1.46 | 0.660* | 0.650* | 1.141* |
| Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) | 28.17 ± 2.35 | 29.25 ± 0.85 | 0.611 | 0.600 | 1.270 |
| Verbal fluency 1 (ANIMALS) | 15.65 ± 5.72 | 18.61 ± 3.68 | 0.615* | 0.610* | 0.804* |
| Verbal fluency 2 (FRUITS) | 14.54 ± 4.06 | 16.74 ± 3.24 | 0.599* | 0.596* | 0.679* |
| Verbal fluency 3 (A) | 10.94 ± 4.89 | 12.96 ± 4.33 | 0.437* | 0.436* | 0.466* |
| Verbal fluency 4 (F) | 12.37 ± 4.9 | 16.09 ± 3.76 | 0.852* | 0.847* | 0.989* |
| Word list Memory task | 20.2 ± 3.27 | 20.51 ± 3.43 | 0.092 | 0.093 | 0.090 |
| Word list recall | 6.85 ± 1.73 | 7.16 ± 1.63 | 0.184 | 0.184 | 0.190 |
| Word list recognition | 9.12 ± 1.07 | 9.51 ± 0.99 | 0.378 | 0.378 | 0.394 |