Table 2.

Intraoperative outcomes of patients among the anterior group, the posterior group, and the medial group

Subjects	The anterior group (n = 73)	The medial group (n = 32)	The posterior group (n = 42)	p*	p #	p &
Incision length (cm)	7.4 ± 1.2	7.8 ± 2.0	7.1 ± 2.1	0.207	0.331	0.151
Operative time (min)	64.0 ± 7.6	73.7 ± 7.3	62.9 ± 7.4	< 0.001	0.452	< 0.001
Perioperative blood loss (mL)	147.1 ± 42.7	171.3 ± 34.6	135.8 ± 44.7	< 0.001	0.182	< 0.001
Postoperative drainage volume (mL)	91.7 ± 7.6	156.3 ± 17.6	94.7 ± 11.4	< 0.001	0.093	< 0.001

n number

* Comparison between the medial approach and anterior median approach groups; ^# comparison between the posterior approach and former median approach groups; ^& comparison between the posterior approach and medial approach groups