Table 2.

Mortality (primary outcome)

		Placebo (n=891)	Co-trimoxazole (n=887)	Hazard ratio (95% CI)
All-cause mortality		135 (15%)	122 (14%)	0·90 (0·71–1·16)
Death from a specific syndrome*
	Severe pneumonia	46 (34%)	49 (40%)	1·07 (0·70–1·60)
	Diarrhoea	25 (19%)	27 (22%)	1·08 (0·63–1·87)
	Clinically defined sepsis	27 (20%)	30 (25%)	1·11 (0·66–1·87)
	Other infections†	47 (35%)	27 (22%)	0·58 (0·36–0·92)‡
	Non-infectious causes§	5 (4%)	5 (4%)	0·98 (0·29–3·44)
	Unknown cause¶	22 (16%)	21 (17%)	0·96 (0·53–1·74)

Data are n (%) for all-cause mortality and n (% of deaths) for specific syndromes.

^*The total for individual causes is greater than the number of deaths because more than one cause of death was identified in some children.

^†Details are presented in the appendix.

^‡p=0·02.

^§Comprises three severe anaemia, two aspiration, one heart disease, one hepatic failure, one poisoning in the community, one drowning, and one during status epilepticus in a child with known epilepsy.

^¶Deaths in the community without sufficient information to determine cause.