Table 1.

Summary of Parameter Values Used to Assess the Efficiency of BVD Control Strategies for Farmers’ Self-Protection and Reducing Spillovers to Trading Partners.

Number of breeders	60 [AHDB (2016), includes 10–15 replacement heifers]
Weaning age	250 days (Nix 2014)
Time between conceptions	390 days (Nix 2014; CHAWG 2014)
Length of pregnancy	280 days
Age at first conception	450 days
Age for culling breeders	2930 days [Gates (2013, Chapter 6), Nix (2014)]
Recovery from disease	12 days (Baker 1990; Cherry et al. 1998)
Disease transmissibility of PIs	0.015 per animal per day (default)
Disease transmissibility of TIs	0.001 per animal per day (default, set to 1/15 of above)
Early/Late pregnancy threshold	150 days (Sørensen et al. 1995; Cherry et al. 1998; Viet et al. 2004)
Abortion rate	50% (default)
Mortality rate of PIs	1/365 per day (Duffell and Harkness 1985; Cherry et al. 1998; Viet et al. 2004)
Revenue from culling a breeder (PI or old age)	£500 (Nix 2014)
Revenue from culling a PI calf	£0 (no real demand for veal in UK)
Revenue from selling a calf at weaning	£500 (Nix 2014)
Cost of TI	£0.50 per animal per day [Gunn et al. (2004), adjusted by increase in beef prices between 2002 and 2016]
Cost of PI	£1.50 per animal per day [Gunn et al. (2004), as above]
Cost of testing	£5 per tested animal (SAC 2016) (£25 for annual passed test)
Cost of vaccine	£5 per breeder per year (farmacy.co.uk, Accessed: 3rd August 2016) (£300 for annual vaccination of herd)
Frequency of testing and vaccination	365 days
Vaccine efficiency in abortion and PI reduction	85% (Newcomer et al. 2015)
Trade rate	0.02 per day [from 5 (median) and 9.3 (mean) of purchased replacement cattle per year; Gates (2013), Chapter 6]
Discount rate	5% per annum