. 2018 Aug 9;48(10):2317–2346. doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-0961-x

Table 4.

Parameters of reliability and measurement error of PA questionnaires during pregnancy

Questionnaire	Study population (n) for analysis	Interval	Results	Quality and rating^a
AWAS [40]	56	1 week	Total: κ = 0.53 [0.42–0.64]	1−
			Light: κ = 0.49 [0.37–0.60]	1−
			Brisk walking: κ = 0.51 [0.37–0.64]	1−
			Moderate (excluding brisk walking): κ = 0.49 [0.37–0.60]	1−
			Moderate and brisk walking: κ = 0.55 [0.44–0.67]	1−
			Vigorous: κ = 0.13 [0.00–0.25]	1−
			MVPA: κ = 0.57 [0.46–0.68]	1−
			Sedentary: κ = 0.42 [0.31–0.53]
IPAQ-SF [52]	88	2 weeks	Moderate: ICC = 0.81 [0.71–0.88]	1+
			Vigorous: ICC = 0.84 [0.74–0.90]	1+
			MVPA: ICC = 0.81 [0.69–0.89]	1+
LTEQ [53]	37	12 weeks	Total LT exercise: r = 0.72	3−
			Mild LT exercise: r = 0.69	3−
			Moderate LT exercise: r = 0.23	3−
			Strenuous LT exercise: r = 0.83	3+
LTPAQ [39]	49	2 weeks	Total LTPA (frequency of sessions): $\bar{d}$ = −0.7, LOA^b = − 10.7 to 9.3	1−
			LT-MVPA (frequency of sessions): $\bar{d}$ = − 0.2, LOA^b = − 6.3 to 5.9	1−
			Light LTPA (frequency of sessions): $\bar{d}$ = − 0.5, LOA^b = − 5.8 to 4.8	1−
			Total LTPA (duration): CV = 119% [92–168]	1−
			LT-MVPA (duration): CV = 225% [167–336]	1−
			Light LTPA (duration): CV = 125% [97–177]	1−
PPAQ [55] Chinese version	125	1 week	Total: ICC = 0.77	1+
			Light: ICC = 0.75	1+
			Moderate: ICC = 0.59	1−
			Vigorous: ICC = 0.28	1−
			Household/caregiving: ICC = 0.74	1+
			Occupational: ICC = 0.75	1+
			Sports/exercise: ICC = 0.34	1−
			Sedentary: ICC = 0.76
PPAQ [44] English version	54	1 week	Total: ICC = 0.78	1+
			Light: ICC = 0.78	1+
			Moderate: ICC = 0.82	1+
			Vigorous: ICC = 0.81	1+
			Household/caregiving: ICC = 0.86	1+
			Occupational: ICC = 0.93	1+
			Sports/exercise: ICC = 0.83	1+
			Sedentary: ICC = 0.79
PPAQ [43] French version	49 n_occup = 20	1 week	Total: ICC = 0.90	1+
			Light: ICC = 0.86	1+
			Moderate: ICC = 0.86	1+
			Vigorous: ICC = 0.81	1+
			Household/caregiving: ICC = 0.89	1+
			Occupational: ICC = 0.84	1+
			Sports/exercise: ICC = 0.82	1+
			Transportation: ICC = 0.59	1−
			Sedentary: ICC = 0.88
PPAQ [49] Japanese version	58 n_occup = 24	1 week/2 weeks	Total: ICC_1wk = 0.87 [0.79–0.92]; ICC_2wks = 0.77 [0.64–0.86]	1+; 1+
			Light: ICC_1wk = 0.83 [0.73–0.89]; ICC_2wks = 0.76 [0.63–0.85]	1+; 1+
			Moderate: ICC_1wk = 0.79 [0.66–0.87]; ICC_2wks = 0.71 [0.55–0.82]	1+; 1+
			Household/caregiving: ICC_1wk = 0.93 [0.89–0.96]; ICC_2wks = 0.84 [0.74–0.90]	1+; 1+
			Occupational: ICC_1wk = 0.66 [0.37–0.96]; ICC_2wks = 0.84 [0.74–0.90]	1−; 1+
			Sports/exercise: ICC_1wk = 0.61 [0.36–0.77]; ICC_2wks = 0.56 [0.31–0.74]	1−; 1−
			Transportation: ICC_1wk = 0.66 [0.37–0.73]; ICC_2wks = 0.58 [0.36–0.76]	1−; 1−
			Inactivity: ICC_1wk = 0.74 [0.66–0.87]; ICC_2wks = 0.71 [0.55–0.82]
			Sedentary: ICC_1wk = 0.78 [0.66–0.87]; ICC_2wks = 0.72 [0.57–0.82)
PPAQ [45] Turkish version	204	1 week	Total: ICC = 0.95 [0.91–0.97]	1+
			Light: ICC = 0.93 [0.89–0.96]	1+
			Moderate: ICC = 0.96 [0.92–0.98]	1+
			Vigorous: ICC = 0.98 [0.96–0.99]	1+
			Household/caregiving: ICC = 0.96 [0.93–0.98]	1+
			Occupational: ICC = 0.99 [0.99–0.996]	1+
			Sports/exercise: ICC = 0.92 [0.87–0.96]	1+
			Sedentary: ICC = 0.96 [0.93–0.98]
PPAQ [51] Vietnamese version	60	2 weeks	Total: ICC = 0.88 [0.83–0.94]	1+
			Light: ICC = 0.88 [0.82–0.94]	1+
			Moderate: ICC = 0.90 [0.85–0.95]	1+
			Vigorous: ICC = 0.87 [0.81–0.93]	1+
			Household/caregiving: ICC = 0.92 [0.88–0.96]	1+
			Occupational: ICC = 0.90 [0.85–0.95]	1+
			Sports/exercise: ICC = 0.93 [0.90–0.97]	1+
			Sedentary: ICC = 0.94 [0.90–0.97]
RPAQ [40]	57	1 week	Total (EE): κ = 0.57 [0.46–0.68]	1−
			Total (time): κ = 0.67 [0.56–0.79]	1−
			Light: κ = 0.65 [0.54–0.76]	1−
			Moderate: κ = 0.79 [0.68–0.90]	1+
			Vigorous: κ = 0.42 [0.30–0.53]	1−
			MVPA: κ = 0.69 [0.58–0.80]	1−
			Sedentary: κ = 0.66 [0.55–0.77]

AWAS Australian Women’s Activity Study, CV coefficient of variation, $\bar{d}$ change in the mean, EE energy expenditure, ICC intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC_1wk intraclass correlation coefficient for one week interval, ICC_2wks intraclass correlation coefficient for 2 weeks interval, IPAQ-SF International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short-form), κ kappa coefficient, LOA limits of agreement, LT leisure time, LTEQ Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, LTPAQ Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (modified from IPAQ), MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, n_occup sample size for occupational physical activity, PA physical activity, PPAQ Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire, r Pearson correlation coefficient, RPAQ Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire

^aAs described in Sect. 2.6, the quality of the individual study was evaluated per questionnaire and PA score using four levels (1: very good, 2: adequate, 3: doubtful, 4: inadequate). Additionally, the reported results were rated (i.e., sufficient [+], insufficient [–]) as described in Sect. 2.5.2

^b $LOA = \bar{d} \pm 1.96 \times s \times \sqrt 2$ , where s = within-subject standard deviation (typical error) [88]